Coronavirus COVID-19 response

We’ve been work from home as of last Thursday. We didn’t want anyone to feel they had to get on public transit. We’ve always supported remote work (employees are encouraged to work from home at least one day/week to reduce carbon emissions), and we have several “mostly” remote staff. Last year we gave everyone in the office a stipend to reduce their commuting impact. Many of our staff spent it on better home office equipment (headsets, office chairs, etc. ), Going full remote is something we were well prepared for. It seems like a no brainer.

GGLO is giving the option of working remotely. As all schools in the state are closed, we have seen ½ to ¾ of our staff utilize that option. Other that certain days when our office has been closed for deep cleaning, we have not made it mandatory, but still highly encouraged. Given what I have been reading recently, I highly encourage everyone to work remotely if able, even if healthy. Given what we have heard from Europe and China, this is an unprecedented event which expands exponentially. Appears that even healthy appearing individuals can be carriers and pass the virus along to those compromised. Stay safe and wash your hands! Jon Hall AIA, LEED AP® BD+C, HOMES O +1 206.467.5828 D +1 206.902.5508 C +1 206.551.7340 Fr

We have divided the office into two and have one group at home for one week and then we switch.  My guess is within a few days we will all be working from home.  It seems to be working ok, think we are at about 80% efficiency.  A number of the construction sites are shutting down.  

Bora (not to be confused with BR+A) is now closed to outside visitors, except deliveries. Working remotely is encouraged and several are already taking advantage of that option, influenced I'm sure by the closure of all schools in Oregon. Our HR person shared a couple of links to help promote our own mental wellness, which should not be overlooked: * Managing Anxiety Graphic * https://www.verywellmind.com/managing-coronavirus-anxiety-4798909 Stay healthy, everyone! Mike Manzi RA, CSI, CDT, LEED BD+C Bora Architects 503 226 1575

Jacob, our office prepared for everyone to work at home, first at a voluntary level, but we are swiftly shifting to full-time wfh mode. Some operational staff will manage mail until we figure out how to deal with that. You might already have seen this piece on how Architecture offices are dealing with it in the on-line version of Architect magazine (https://www.architectmagazine.com/practice/how-architecture-firms-are-responding-to-covid-19_o) but it is already several days old and things are moving fast. I look to see what others have done upstream (China, Italy, and just now France, among others in EU) to anticipate what is likely here next. Flatten the curve - and take care of yourself...that's the mantra. 

Our company has offices of varying sizes in a number of states and is obviously watching very closely and taking guidance from the leadership of all levels of government while trying to stay responsive to all of our clients.  At the moment, we are fully capable of 100% of our workforce to work from home (approx. 300 employees, for scale) but not requiring it. Individual requests to work from home starting this week are evaluated on a per-situation basis (but are getting approved). UPDATE: all employees are now authorized to work from home until further notice although office locations remain open to those who prefer to come in. I'm curious to hear what other companies are doing, especially based on company size.  I've been struggling with government guidance about limiting gatherings of 50 or more but then excluding offices - would love to hear the various ways (if any) that larger offices are dealing with that!

Might be helpful: https://hbr.org/2020/03/how-to-get-people-to-actually-participate-in-virtual-meetings?utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=hbr and an online program from the Boston Society of Architects tomorrow night about remote work: https://www.architects.org/events/59836/2020/03/17/virtual-program-architecture-firms-and-remote-work Jean Carroon, FAIA, LEED Fellow Principal - Design, Preservation and Sustainability Goody Clancy 617 850 6651 (direct) 617 285 5936 (mobile) [Goody Clancy] “Building reuse is climate action!” – Lori Ferriss https://www.architects.org/news/the-new-net-zero From:

Hello Everyone, GBBN implemented remote working starting today with office access only by request. We sent the note below to our network. We learned a lot from our colleagues in our Beijing office who were working remotely for 45 days so this could be just the beginning. Our IT team has been working to make sure everyone can work remotely without significant challenges. On a personal level it’s still a challenge for two full time professionals to coordinate watching children home from school and day care without relying on grandparents who are at greater risk. There aren’t many hours each day where we can both work simultaneously. At least we have some opportunity to get out for fresh air! Good luck everyone, Tiffany [https://mcusercontent.com/49fa92235887a24b90ad862cb/images/c9942c23-554f-4da6-a5a5-0ea1c5fae0cc.jpg] People are our priority. We empathize and understand this evolving situation will present major obstacles to everyone’s daily routine. GBBN is taking specific measures to protect the health and safety of our employees, their families, our clients, and our communities while maintaining the level of service you have come to expect from us. Starting Monday, March 16, our United States employees will be working remotely. Here is what to expect: * GBBN project teams have the technology enabling them to effectively continue their work. We anticipate the ability to continue our normal workflow without interruption. * Project managers will stay in communication with clients and consultants as normal. * We have suspended all business travel until further notice. Should a business-critical travel need arise for your project, please contact your project manager to discuss viable options. * GBBN employees are being advised to handle all client meetings remotely, via Zoom, Skype, conference call, or other digital means. If you feel you need a face to face meeting, please contact your project manager to discuss. We are staying abreast of all directives from local government and public health officials. Since the situation in the United States and around the globe is fluid, we cannot predict the future and our response to the same may change. We will provide you with regular updates. The most time sensitive news and updates will be shared with you via email, while other information will be posted to our website and social media channels: Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and LinkedIn.

As of today Payette asked employees to work from home, with the option of working in the office if we choose to. My husband works for Thornton Tomasetti and they also made the call this afternoon to have employees work from home. For perspective, I thought this was an excellent article that really helped me appreciate just how all of us staying at home will make a measurable difference in saving lives.  https://medium.com/@tomaspueyo/coronavirus-act-today-or-people-will-die-f4d3d9cd99ca      

EskewDumezRipple transitioned to work from home this morning, after circulating the @tomaspueyo article among leadership last night.   It helped that two members of senior leadership have children who are doctors, one of whom shared that the complication rate (end up in ICU) for people in their 60's in 1:10, for those in their 70s is 1:6, and that there were reports that in Italy anyone over 80 who needs a ventilator is instead getting just palliative care. Our staff with young children at home (with schools and day care closed) are experience the most challenges.  Our phone system is fairly aged (we were planning on replacing it next year) and so we don't have a great way to handle incoming calls to the front desk and re-routing these to personal cellphones without some gymnastics.  Does anyone know of a good lightweight system for handling this?    

At Wight, we are encouraging people to work from home if they wish and also increasing hygiene and social distancing at work. We’re canceling all non-essential meetings and converting as many meetings as possible to teleconferences. Schools here are closed too. This is a developing situation. Both of my sons firms (not in the design industry) are working from home and one of them- in San Francisco will be on lockdown starting tomorrow. So if we don’t flatten that curve with these modifications, it may not be our choice. We are putting into place the equipment so that everyone can work remotely. We are a bit worried about connectivity when everyone at home swamps their residential grade internet. Stay safe everyone and thanks for sharing. We’re all learning from each other. Lois Lois Vitt Sale, FAIA, LEED Fellow Senior Vice President Wight & Company 2500 North Frontage Road Darien, IL 60561630.969.7000 | d 630.739.7514 | m 630.450.1662 | f 630.969.7979 www.wightco.com On Mar

We are working from home starting this week.  One of our employees in west coast had tested positive, and there were a few close encounters of the 19th kind in Chicago. We had a ZOOM meeting of over 1000 people, I almost wanted to suggest we sing "Kumbaya" together, never had the opportunity to hear 1000 people from our company to sing together, online. Z, similar information here.  UN WHO put the death rate at 3.4%, which is significantly higher than common flu, CDC data, less than .2%;  Also the hospitalization rate seems to be higher too, CDC put less than 2% people hospitalized by common flu, this is anywhere from 4.5% to as high as 19%.  All the data no doubt will change as we know more.   

Our leadership has been issuing update bulletins for about a month now, partly because we have offices in Shanghai and Hong Kong and we also work a lot in South Korea. From the early travel restrictions following CDC guidance, we have moved gradually toward more and more work at home encouragement. The offices are still open, but are very sparsely populated (making social distancing very easy!). All non-essential domestic travel is suspended, and at least our SF office doesn’t have a choice as of today’s shelter in place edict. We’ve been using Microsoft Teams and zoom for a plethora of meetings (could it be more than before???) and have been successfully navigating team meetings, client meetings and even interviews (6 location video via zoom). It’s not ideal, but it works. Our phones are VoIP, so I have no advice to offer there. On the two days I went into the office last week (in Seattle) I do confess I made the choice to drive in rather than taking the bus “out of an abundance of caution” as the phrase goes. Margaret Montgomery, FAIA, LEED AP BD+C, WELL AP Principal NBBJ 223 Yale Avenue North SEATTLE WA 98109 Direct: 206.223.5230 Mobile: 206.200.4526 nbbj.com | @nbbjdesign | meanstheworld.co From: Z Smi

Thank you to all who are responding and posting updates on their office(s).  It helps to hear others successes and struggles.  With the ever changing situation, EXP is taking a similar approach to Wight as a general baseline.  Offices are open but we have the capability to allow all of our staff to work remote.  We are encouraging people to work from home, especially those who are caring for older family members who are at the most risk for becoming gravely ill.  Offices in various locations have crept to the furthest end of the spectrum; we do have a San Fran presence and the city is at the shelter in place mode. We have also been successfully using Microsoft Teams, Skype, Zoom for meetings. Any office meetings - even if everyone is in the building - are being held over one of those platforms. Our phone system in my home location (Orlando) is older. If we need to have our receptionist be remote, we've discussed having the main line forwarded to her cell phone.  While she couldn't then forward the call to our staff, she would be able to give the caller the staff's cell phone number. Stay healthy and safe!

Arrowstreet announced Friday that everyone is encouraged to work from home starting today and to have teleconferences for all meetings. My husband's firm had done the same and as of today closed their offices completely. MA is just about on lock down. Bars and restaurants only allowed take out and delivery options. All schools and most day cares and colleges closed. Government and municipal buildings closed. Assembly spaces (churches, theaters, playgrounds, etc) over 25 people closed. Public transportation on reduced schedule or canceled. All construction sites in Boston shut down. Among other things. Katherine Bubriski, AIA, LEED AP BD+C, Fitwel Ambassador Director of Sustainability and Building Performance Arrowstreet 617-666-7006 On Mar 16, 2020 7:24 PM, Z Smith wrote:

As Amy mentioned, the Bay Area has announced a "shelter in place" rule that starts at midnight tonight. All non-essential activities will stop or be performed at home. Interestingly, the language makes exceptions for construction of housing, particularly affordable/supportive housing. We've confirmed with our housing GCs that that work is going to continue (for now.) We have been hearing from our other GCs that other construction sites are shutting down due to the shelter in place rule. Here is the SF order language: https://www.sfdph.org/dph/alerts/files/HealthOrderC19-07-%20Shelter-in-Place.pdf This extends through April 7. Kumbaya to you all...

Siegel and Strain just had our virtual staff meeting this morning to launch working remotely, when we got the news that the whole Bay Area is on Shelter in Place. (lock down except for essential services and getting supplies) Way to be ahead of that curve… Stay cozy, bake, go for walks and stay 6’ apart. Larry Larry Strain, FAIA LEED AP S I E G E L & S T R A I N A r c h i t e c t s 6201 Doyle Street, Emeryville, CA 94608 510.547.8092 x103 fax 510.547.2604 (Enter on 62nd Street) lstrain@siegelstrain.com www.siegelstrain.com

Thank you all for sharing as well. For those that are in the LFRT, the HR and COO groups have been sharing info for the past few weeks plus a lot of resources on policies…which are constantly changing. Connect with your liaisons if you want even more info. We had about a third of staff home today doing final testing on our communication systems and connectivity. Thankfully no major issues came up. Tomorrow half the firm will be working from home and I suspect most will be in the next few days, we anticipate a shelter in place directive from the Ohio Governor in the next few days..then again the state is still voting tomorrow, apparently. We have three offices in Ohio. A few of our offices are entirely working from home..Chicago, DC, NY, Boston and Atlanta. We are tying to use this ‘opportunity’ to expand our use of technology to communicate differently and hopefully more effectively without the need to travel, even if it is ‘just’ across the city. Maybe in the long run, this will help with cutting carbon emissions. ALLEN 614.461.4664 MOODYNOLAN.COM From: Amy

Hi all, WRNS started to communicate options to our offices some weeks ago. How quickly it all has progressed in a few weeks. We had tested bandwidth/pressure on vpn’g (im sure I have that reference wrong) from home due to a limit in our SF office, relayed options to the teams and in the last week approximately 25 – 30% of the staff quickly decided to work from home. Its been going pretty well but are considering rotating times to be on line – I am not sure how that might work. Is anyone doing this?. Then there was today – when SF instituted the shelter in place ordinance which takes effect at midnight today. Additionally Health Officers of 6 Bay Area Counties - Alameda, Contra Costa, Marin, San Francisco, San Mateo, and Santa Clara issued an order from the 6 Bay Area County, which immediately suspended all construction and non-essential activities in the counties. We have issued an updated policy which includes a reimbursement amount for phone or internet, and are trying to ask teams to set up a weekly or daily check in as needed. We distributed monitors or allowed folks to take one of the ones on their desk home or buy one and get reimbursed up to $500. I am wondering if any of you have had clients still ask for meetings or construction services Happy to share what we wrote but I have seen some of the public messages some of your firms have sent and appreciated the tone and care of those words. From our counsel : Here is the SF order: https://oewd.org/sites/default/files/2020.03.16%20Final%20Order%20C19-07%20-%20Shelter%20in%20Place.pdf Businesses have to cease activities at their facilities although can still conduct “Minimum Basic Operations” so long as employees who do that work comply with Social Distancing Requirements. Minimum Basic Operations includes: i. The minimum necessary activities to maintain the value of the business’s inventory, ensure security, process payroll and employee benefits, or for related functions. ii. The minimum necessary activities to facilitate employees of the business being able to continue to work remotely from their residences. So I don’t think that general cleaning or organizing would qualify for Minimum Basic Operations. But if you have IT, security personnel, or you need to go in to process payroll that could qualify if the work is essential and can't be done from home. From: Z Smith <

Hi Everyone, At the end of our first official day of remote work, my family and I took a walk together before dinner. I have never seen so many neighbors out and about at the same time. After a couple of weeks of witnessing hoarding at every turn, it was heartening to experience the warmth and solidarity we are all capable of. Take care, everyone! Nancy      

SMMA already had a policy allowing working from home (especially when people are sick).  The firm started offering options last week with a fully updated COVID-19 Policy on Thursday, including measures for those still opting to come to the office. While the majority of our staff is working from home, those opting to be in the office this week need to keep distance, all mtgs. are virtual, with staff calling from their desk.  All construction sites closed as of yesterday (Boston), so we foresee a slow down on that end.    I am one of those working from home in addition to doing online home schooling :).  I must say that despite some of the hurdles of working from the cloud, it is becoming quite handy with this situation in supporting team based work and communications.   As long as the Internet doesn't crash...  Nadav, the Building Green post yesterday was quite nice.   All, stay safe and healthy with your loved ones.  Martine 

KieranTimberlake sent everyone home yesterday, only a skeleton crew to remain in the office to maintain infrastructure (primarily IT and facility O&M). We've gone all in on MS teams, which so far is working out surprising well for both team level and firm wide coordination. It's been a wild ride, going from infrastructure testing on Wednesday of last week, to a closed office the following Monday. I have a suspicion that many employees will find the work from home lifestyle hard to give up when all this is over.  

HED shifted from an optional work at home to a required work at home (for all of our offices coast-to-coast) yesterday afternoon after the greater San Francisco area announced their containment strategy.  However we have always had flexible work provisions so this shift doesn't seem to be a big disruption.  Hope everyone is staying safe and sane!

A few of you have mentioned construction in your posts. As of today our offices are open. Our job sites are open, with the exception of the few locations where the government has stepped in to close them down (Boston, potentially Philadelphia, etc.). I'm lucky to have a role that works remotely from my project sites, but I had to get permission from my manager to work from home. We have the technology and ability to work remotely, that is not our limitation. I am dismayed at the lack of EQUITY. Dismayed at how we're putting entire groups of people at higher risk. For what?

Technically Ayers Saint Gross' offices are still open (ie, we can access the physical spaces), but functionally we're all working from home: https://asg-architects.com/covid-19-message/. Our firm's leadership has 100% been rocking their communications with the broader firm - our folks are genuinely upbeat and rolling with it well. Our IT people are being AMAZING as well - basically no downtime even though 90% of us are now remoting in.        

Similar to many of your responses, LMN has been testing large remote meetings, vpns, and today is our first ‘everyone work from home’ day as preparation to potentially need to close the office. We have had very successful client meetings and internal meetings using Zoom, Teams, and other software. In fact, the dynamic of the new forms of interaction and perhaps the dynamic of the times have led to interesting conversations that we might not have had otherwise in the early design process. Regular all-team check-ins can partially replace the former ability to walk over to someone’s desk. LMN’s policy is currently ‘encourage working from home’ as well as ‘take everything home that you may need’ for the next while. We are so lucky to have the ability (in many cases) to work productively from home. Happy St Paddy’s! Some folks at LMN have asked if we are reducing our carbon footprint with these remote meetings and work from home policies and it’s a really interesting question. I believe that out of these times we will gain confidence in the ability to collaborate remotely without as much need for travel, and currently we have significantly reduced commute carbon. But instead of heating 38,000 sf of office space we are now heating potentially 5x or 10x if you assume houses that we are now working in have a setback temperature during the day and considering that the office doesn’t actually need much heating this time of year due to (former) occupant and computer density. We will do a full accounting later. -Kjell From: Allison Wilson

Great to see that so many offices have moved to 'physical distancing while staying socially connected'. I prefer this phrasing to the 'social distancing' that everyone now knows.  Our Seattle office went to a work remotely status March 5 and same for our California offices March 15. One tip that is helping our teams stay better connected is to use the camera during virtual meetings. Compared to hearing a voice or reading an email it really does help to see a familiar face (just keep your 80's or 90's or 10's boy band poster out of the background). Continue to reach out, to your teams and your clients. Keep the lines of communication open and use them frequently. We are only physically distanced, not socially.  

Hello to all, Sasaki, here in Boston, required us all to work remotely as of Thursday 3/12. The firm made the tough decision to deactivate keys to the office on Friday at 5pm. As Sustainability Design Leaders, we are uniquely qualified to support our firms in this very necessary policy decision. We practice sustainable design because we care about our communities, our environment, and future generations. We know how tough social distancing is. It goes again our grain: we are hard-wired for collaboration, engagement, integration, discussion. It's a huge sacrifice for us. But we know it's important, because we prioritize our diverse and multi-generational communities, and our fragile environment. And if we use this challenging upheaval as an opportunity, we may gain new skills to help our ongoing efforts to mitigate climate change. Perhaps sharpening our use of Zoom, Bluebeam, CoveTool, Tally, and PollEverywhere can help stock our toolkit. We can find better ways to reduce travel for meetings, document our positions in a succinct and data-driven way, and be mindful of workflow, relationships and listening. We're all in this together. These discussions can help us share these struggles, insights and lessons learned in these difficult times. Tamar – Tamar Warburg Director of Sustainability +1 617 923 5343 sasaki.com @SasakiDesign On

Mike and all: If you’re using Teams for meetings you don’t need to hide your posters or dirty laundry when going live! Got to the options menu (“ … “) and select “blur background”. Does wonders. That said, I’m really enjoying peeking into everyone’s personal lives, regardless of hierarchy. I’m actually surprised by how many people have stopped wearing “work clothes” for project meetings… maybe this is the end of the era where business attire is driving thermal comfort conditions? (Although yes, Kjell, my home has an EUI of 72, so I’m definitely not helping TT reduce its operational footprint on this end…) I’m also hoping that the silver lining is for the world to finally appreciate the MASSIVE AMOUNT of mental load that most women typically carry on their shoulders by trying to keep a home running while working full time. I’m hoping things get a bit more even in industry now! (I for one am dumbfounded by the amount of laundry that gets done in our home, and my outdoorsy husband is perplexed by how hard it is to keep kids sane indoors.) I’d love to hear whether folks are bringing their desk chairs home. My back is already killing me and it’s only been two days for us. Ale. Alejandra Menchaca, Ph.D., LEED AP, WELL AP Senior Associate Thornton Tomasetti 27 Wormwood Street, Suite 200 Boston, MA 02210-1668 D +1.617.250.4177 M +1.617.999.0274 AMenchaca@ThorntonTomasetti.com www.ThorntonTomasetti.com From: Mike Fowler

Ha! I saw someone from another office in our building taking her desk chair home yesterday. Seems totally reasonable to me. Mike Manzi RA, CSI, CDT, LEED BD+C Bora Architects 503 226 1575

Nice upgrade! Thanks for sharing Mike. J jennifer cutbill, architect AIBC FRAIC LEED GA | she / her principal |* lateral agency* c 604.368.1980 www.lateralagency.ca #Architects*Declare* | *#Stand*withGreta | * #Stand*withWetsuweten | * #Design*for*Future* *The lands on which I live, work and play are the unceded (i.e. stolen) indigenous territories of the xʷməθkʷəy̓əm (Musqueam), sḵwx̱wú7mesh (Squamish) and sel̓íl̓witulh (Tsleil Waututh) peoples. With an open heart I seek to listen, to learn, and to do good work so we can, together, restore right relations and r**egenerate our capabilities to be ever better stewards of all that is local - now and for future generations. * On Tue, Mar 17

Here at JBB in NYC, we have been fully remote since last Friday. Our investment in intranet services and technology (fully mobile staff) has been a critical component of our ability to be out-of-office. Agree with the concerns and comments from all about social distancing. As human beings, we need to be in contact with one another; the challenge will be how to do that effectively in a personal way. Not excited about the slow-down in construction (boston – and I hear soon in NYC), but workers’ health needs to be addressed. Best of luck to all and thanks for sharing. (((

I miss my sit/stand Float desk, so I just ordered a Quick Stand Eco from Humanscale. (It’s a Living Product). Margaret Montgomery, FAIA, LEED AP BD+C, WELL AP Principal NBBJ 223 Yale Avenue North SEATTLE WA 98109 Direct: 206.223.5230 Mobile: 206.200.4526 nbbj.com | @nbbjdesign | meanstheworld.co F

Just a side note about all the online meetings we are and will be doing, and how you might not get a good "bandwidth" for it because everybody's using it.  Our IT dept sent this smart note around:   With the meeting services being utilized at an unprecedented rate it could help if GOTO or Zoom Meetings are scheduled to start at a nontraditional time. Schedule meetings for 9:20 or 9:40 instead of 9:00 or 9:30. Meeting "starts" take the most resources, just like your car when you start it. Harry

CallisonRTKL is all work from home in the USA, Europe and the Middle East. As far as I know our offices in China and I think also Hong Kong are now open. Interesting to see this wave move around the world. We have been doing remote meetings (as usual) and daily check-ins. We can go to the office if needed but it's strongly discouraged and don't know if it is even possible any more. There was a 1/2 hour virtual happy hour yesterday but I missed it. My older daughter is in Teach for America doing special Ed and driving home today from Oakland. She is in constant contact with her students, parents of students and colleagues at the school. Many don't have internet and don't know what to do with their children. We will now share our home office for online meetings. Will be interesting to see how we coordinate. My courses, faculty and staff meetings at Cal Poly Pomona are all now online and everybody is using Zoom. I had to change the syllabi and exercises because initially students had do to a fair amount of building and testing with temperature and RH data collection. Cal Poly was slow in admitting we needed to work from home but now everybody is on board. I spend the day working at home and we go for neighborhood walks before sunset. The city and state allows us to walk and do exercise outside. People move away from each other as we get closer, feels strange but is necessary. Sometimes we say hi. This seems to be different from what my friends in Spain and Milan tell me in which they cannot go out at all. A colleague in the Dallas office told me he went with his son outside and the playground and basketball courts were full. Nothing like that here in Santa Monica. Hope everybody is well, stay healthy!

This link: https://msystems.asm.org/content/5/2/e00245-20 takes you to the peer-reviewed publication of a paper in mSystems, the open journal of the American Society of Microbiologists, entitled "2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic: Built Environment Considerations To Reduce Transmission", authored by a group of scientists from the University of Oregon (Quack!).  It was recently excerpted in a posting on the Architect magazine website.   It is a pretty thorough compendium of the current research (with specific citations) on, as its title gives away, the built environment considerations to reduce transmission of Covid-19.  It is chock full of pithy information for scaring the pants off your friends and colleagues at that next Zoom Happy Hour.  Here're just two of my favorite snips from the article:

• "...there are no documented cases thus far of a COVID-19 infection originating from a fomite."  Makes you want to know what a fomite is, right?  It's a surface reservoir of the virus.  This is enough to give me mental relief from my nearly compulsive hand-washing.
• "... the easiest way to deliver outside air directly across the building envelope is to open a window."  An IEQ, biophilic, human rights and resilience strategy.  And death to curtain wall construction.  If only I can live long enough...

I just noticed that the paper was edited by Dr Jack Gilbert, a microbiologist at UCSD, who is well known for his research on the biomes of buildings - he'd be a great guest at an assembly of the Green Gurus.  I highly recommend the paper as a reference as we explore ways to improve the built environment for its users and occupants.

Team, The U of Oregon paper assembled a lot of good information.  Similar to many papers at this time where things are changing rapidly, some of the HVAC system information can be further polished.  For example, "...increasing airflow rates that simply increase the delivery of recirculated indoor air, without increased outside air fraction, could potentially increase the transmission potential...".   This needs to be handle more carefully (while understand the word "potenital" was there) - recirculation withouot increasing in outside air, but if going through a high MERV filter, can help reduce the material in the space.   There are multiple similar references that can further polished.