How do I calculate an illuminance ratio?
In some spaces with simple geometry, you can actually perform these calculations by hand (see the IESNA handbook for formulae and more details). You can even measure them directly using a photometer. There are also some lighting design and daylighting simulation programs that perform these calculations. Look for a program that runs on a radiosity or ray-tracing engine, will model point source lighting, and will calculate illuminance on any specified plane.