Hello,
We are working on a LEED NC 2009 project with DES which the thermal plants consist except boilers and electric chillers also a cogenerator and an absorption chiller.
We are thinking to follow Option 2 of DES v2 guidance and have 2 questions as follows:
1. For the average efficiency calculation, should we deal with the CHP and absorption chiller separately and to model a virtual CHP and an absorption chiller in proposed case or to involve the CHP in the total heating system and the absorption chiller in the cooling system and apply the efficiencies separately to the air-cooled chiller and forced draft boiler in virtual DES model in proposed case?
2. In the DES v2 guidance Appendix E: Heating converted to cooling as part of the LEED project there was written:
‘‘Generally, district or campus systems that produce heating energy (steam or hot water, whether directly or as waste heat) serve heating end use applications in the connected buildings. Sometimes the heating energy supply is converted to chilled water using absorption chillers or other similar technologies in order to serve cooling loads instead. In this circumstance the equipment that converts heating to cooling may reside either within the DES itself (i.e., DES provides cooling to building) or within the connected buildings (i.e., DES provides heating to building; building converts heating to cooling).
When the equipment converting DES-supplied heat into cooling is part of the LEED project’s scope of work, then the DES guidance in this document must be modified for the EAp2/c1 energy modeling path. The modifications for this situation are as follows; guidance for all other LEED credits remains unchanged:’’
The question refers to the first sentence in the second paragraph: We treat the absorption chiller as upstream equipment outside the project’s boundary. Does that mean ‘‘part of the LEED project’s scope of work’’?
Thank you very much!
Marcus Sheffer
LEED Fellow7group / Energy Opportunities
LEEDuser Expert
5909 thumbs up
January 9, 2015 - 10:51 am
1. The absorption chiller should be included in the average efficiency calculation for the proposed virtual chilled water plant. The CHP is also included in the average efficiency calculations. For the CHP I would suggest that you also look over the guidance in the Reference Guide as a supplement to the DESv2. So they should not be dealt with separately.
2. If the equipment is part of a central plant and it not being installed as a part of the project pursuing LEED certification, then it is upstream equipment. If it is being installed as part of the project then it is probably not upstream equipment.
Qian Tang
January 19, 2015 - 3:26 am
Thanks Marcus,
Regarding your reply to the first question, the input sources per unit cooling energy would be except electricity also gas(portion of CHP fuel input for chilled water producing). And for calculating the average efficiency for the proposed virtual chilled water plant, should the electricity input and the gas input be added as total energy consumption? Also for the proposed virtual model, the chiller could only have electricity as fuel source, how to apply the average efficiency to it?
Thank you for any help you can offer!
Marcus Sheffer
LEED Fellow7group / Energy Opportunities
LEEDuser Expert
5909 thumbs up
January 30, 2015 - 4:11 pm
Yes the electric and gas input are added together to determine an overall consumption. The average efficiency would account for all of the fuel inputs. Model the electric chiller with a flat curve and apply the average rate converted to kWh. All fuels are factored into the rate determination which would be applied to the electric chiller in the model. The virtual plant with the average efficiency and rate should then be representative of the fuel mix and cost of the actual plant.
Qian Tang
February 2, 2015 - 5:47 am
thank you marcus! very helpful tips to solve such problem.