Forum discussion

Cross-post: Open Letter to address the use of Electronic Air Cleaning Equipment in Buildings

Hi all - at the suggestion of Nadav and some of the Sustainable MEP Leaders, I'm reposting a thread I started a couple days ago in the SMEP forum.

In response to increasingly aggressive (and effective) targeting of building owners (particularly schools), a group of researchers have put their support behind a letter warning against the use of certain air cleaning devices that includes bi-polar ionization and photocatalytic oxidation.

The letter can be found here: https://medium.com/open-letter-to-address-the-use-of-electronic-air/no-to-ionizers-plasma-uvpco-bc1570b2fb9b 

Full disclosure: One of my colleagues was involved in the writing of it, but it was joined in support by a number of researchers that developed the COVID is Airborne petition to the WHO. This list also includes at least a couple ASHRAE Epidemic Task Force members. 

Expect this debate to ramp up in the coming weeks and months. There's going to be a land rush associated with the billions of dollars set aside for school improvements, and my inbox is already been spammed by companies claiming to have products that qualify for these dollars, ranging from air cleaners and chemical disinfectants to furniture. Unfortunately, we're going to see school districts steered towards  unproven and possibly unhealthy strategies, missing out on a generational opportunity to make real improvements to their indoor environment. Making our efforts more challenging, it already looks like there's going to be some new misleading "research" released by at least one manufacturer of air cleaning devices that will of course be marketed well, but a technical comparison actually shows the product performing really poorly compared to proven technologies like ventilation and filtration. 

Not a week goes by that I don't get asked for an opinion on different air cleaners from some building owner that has already been pitched by a sales rep. If you get asked as well, hopefully you find this letter useful as a counter argument to the sales brochures. 

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Fri, 04/16/2021 - 19:16

thank you for sharing this.  i'm seeing that the bi-polar ionization products have become a standard addition to mechanical systems.  i've brought this up on some recent projects today. i may be having some uncomfortable conversations soon.

Tue, 04/20/2021 - 15:51

I don't think it necessairily has to be an awkward conversation. In my experience, clients have appreciated a perspective of "this is a new technology and we are monitoring the scientific evidence and investigating actual performance". Ionization is certainly out there, and it's something that should be discussed - after ventilation and filtration, of course. Our approach has been to present what we know is factual, and try to help differentiate from the marketing hype, then let clients make their own more educated decisions based on our professional opinions. I also always try to ensure people understand this is not a technology we are "recommending" by any means. 

Admittedly, I have a NPBI device in my home currently (my Apple Watch hasn't detected any heart rate variability yet). This obvservation is, of course, totally antecctodal but I'm offering it up to show where I am on the spectrum of ionization opinion based on what I know now. It's certainly not a magic bullet (and I also have MERV-13 filtration + carbon filtration + IAQ monitoring + portable HEPA filtration). 

The biggest unknown, to me, is impact to indoor air chemistry at the molecular level and associated health implications... which is an exceptionally complicated topic all on its own (and really part of what we're talking about here and is questioned in the letter). Beyond the 'does it work' question and more to the 'does it cause negative outcomes' question.  "Wasting" taxpayer money on something that doesn't work is one thing. But something that actually makes air quality worse is a much more eggregious offense. 

Wed, 04/21/2021 - 13:18

Sarah - Good comments and I'm glad your heart is healthy! We need you around to keep up the good work. :-) I too had ionization in my house (by way of some portable HEPA filters) for years, but didn't really realize it until a year ago. Just one of those sneaky add-ins I didn't catch when we got those, but at least they can be turned off and it's still a good quality HEPA filter. Thinking on those comments, there seems to be relationship between what's effective, and what has potential negative health outcomes, which intuitively makes sense to me. An ion isn't smart enough to know the difference between a virus and healthy tissue, so I'm skeptical that concentrations that are low enough to not stress us are also effective at cleaning the air as proposed. Adding to my skepticism is that it seems like the manufacturer tests continue to appear to game the system - probably why these aren't submitted for peer review. The most recent batch of these "3rd party lab tests" I saw was immediately picked apart by researchers for several really compelling reasons. One, the researchers pointed out that the tests appeared to use orders of magnitude (like about 10-16x) greater a concentration of ions than what they are installing in the field. And second, even by bombarding the space with ions, if you mapped out the results compared to a HEPA filter rather than just natural decay, they would look terrible. But they don't present the results against filters, so the consumer isn't really evaluating apples-to-apples choices they have available. And that's important, because it leads to the "waste" part, especially when groups like schools with limited funds are putting it there instead of in addressing primary solutions like ventilation and filtration.   One of the letter supporters, Dr. Richard Corsi (Twitter: @CorsIAQ) has been critical of the way in which some electronic air cleaners run these tests, saying essentially that "I can easily design experiments to show that an old pair of socks removes 99% of viruses from air." Indeed, one guy appears to have taken that to heart, and in an entertaining example of how you can do this, he rebrands a good old banker's lamp and runs test showing that a "New Air Cleaner using Advanced ELGIT System Reduces Viruses, Mold and Bacteria by 93%." (Link: https://www.texairfilters.com/new-air-cleaner-using-advanced-elgit-system-reduces-viruses-mold-and-bacteria-by-93/) One final thought - and I'm trying to be cautious here, but feel it needs to be said to this group - but it's also become clear the last couple of weeks that there's clear effort to stifle the criticism of these devices. A quick search will show that a couple of the more vocal critics have already been slapped with defamation lawsuits by a manufacturer. And I've been told of threats against organizations some of us belong to, as well as the people who volunteer in those groups for articles or white papers that may echo the concerns laid out in the letter. Less litigious, but also frustrating are examples like the article we published about IAQ strategies in a fairly well-read magazine this month that was edited to run (without our permission) removing any criticism of these technologies. The editor stated that the companies are also advertisers, so they couldn't include the critique. Meanwhile, these companies are free to run their own pieces that go unchallenged in the same magazine.   Just to give some perspective on this, one sales rep shared with a colleague that they went from selling $1M a year in these devices pre-pandemic, to "$1M a month." Scale that out across all of the reps across the country, and that's going to create a heck of a legal fund that none of us really have the ability to take on individually. I guess what I'm saying is that I think that we would all be hearing a lot more about all of this, but those are some of the reasons why.  

Wed, 04/21/2021 - 21:01

Very true and relevant context! Skepticism and clear-headed criticism are critical now more than ever. People have been desperate for a 'silver bullet' solution and ionization has been heavily marketed as exactly that. We should all be wary. (Translation: this all is engineer speak for "I agree with Pete").  

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