Underground Parking Facility As part of our LEED-registered project, we have designed and built an underground parking garage which contains innovative features that significantly reduce materials waste compared to conventional facilities, and that significantly reduce the energy impact of the garage. -- Draft Credit -- INTENT Reduce the environmental impacts associated with energy consumption and materials use required by enclosed parking garage structures. REQUIREMENTS Use innovative design strategies and code compliance methodologies to 1. reduce the energy impacts associated with underground or enclosed parking garage lighting and ventilation systems, and 2. reduce the material resources consumed by the operation of, and waste generated by, an underground or enclosed parking garage SUBMITTALS Provide narratives, cut sheets, and site plans describing and documenting energy and materials savings strategies. DESIGN APPROACH Work with local code authorities to find innovative code interpretations allowing for decreased ventilation based on CO monitoring, usage levels, and calculated air quality and exhaust quantities. Use highly efficient lighting systems to reduce energy demand of lighting. Use induction lighting systems to prolong life of lighting system components and reduce landfill waste generated. CONTRACTOR NARRATIVE The Brewery Blocks are served by a 1500 space parking garage. As the parking garage is below grade, per building code it must be mechanically ventilated. Per the Uniform Building Code (with Oregon amendments) Section: 1203.2.11, in Group S, Division 3 parking garages, ventilation shall be provided capable of exhausting 1.5 CFM/sq.ft. of gross floor area. Automatic carbon monoxide devices may be employed to modulate the ventilation system to maintain a maximum average concentration of CO of 50 ppm during any 8 hour period, with a maximum concentration not greater than 200 ppm for a period not exceeding one hour. The proposed design follows an alternate code compliance path, based upon approval by the Building Department. Ventilation is provided to exhaust a minimum of 14,000 CFM for each operating vehicle. The system has been designed based upon the anticipated instantaneous movement rate of vehicles, which equates to 2.5% of the parking garage capacity. Based upon this calculation, the parking garage has been designed to provide an exhaust rate of 0.75 CFM/sq.ft. over the gross floor area. Automatic carbon monoxide devices will be employed to modulate the ventilation system via VFDs to maintain a maximum average concentration of CO of 50 ppm during any 8 hour period, with a maximum concentration not greater than 200 ppm for a period not exceeding one hour. This is one of the first parking garages in the City of Portland to utilize this calculation methodology in lieu of the standard 1.5 CFM/sq.ft exhaust rate. Attached are calculations detailing the reduction in air volume rate provided by the parking garage ventilation system: Parking Garage Exhaust Calculations - UBC Based Description Qty Notes Area (sq.ft.) 469,409 [2] Ceiling Ht (ft) 9 [2] Volume(cu.ft.) 4,224,681 {1} x {2} #Parking Spaces 1228 [2] Instantaneous Movement Rate of Vehicles 2.5% [4] Number of cars in operation during peak use 31 {4} x {5} Exhaust requirement (cfm) 14,000 [1] Airflow Rate Required (CFM/sq.ft.) 0.92 {7} * {10}/{1} AirChanges/Hour 6.10 {8} x 60/{2} Total CFM 429,800 {8} x {1} Notes: 1) Parking garage exhaust calculations are based upon 1997 UBC, Section 1202.2.11. 2) Information obtained from Architect supplied spreadsheet. 3) Residential parking are entering through the main parking section. These are added to main garage. 4) Anticipated instantaneous movement rate of vehicles shall not be less than 2.5% per UBC. Parking Garage Lighting Because the garage is underground, lighting fixtures will operate continuously, resulting in relatively frequent lamp replacement. Also, the lighting system must provide emergency illumination for egress. Per the Uniform Building Code (with Oregon amendments) Section: 1003.2.9.1, the lighting system must provide illumination of at least one foot-candle along the egress path. Standard design practice is to use fluorescent or High Intensity Discharge (HID) lighting for general illumination. If HID lighting is used for general illumination, a separate means of providing emergency illumination is necessary because HID fixtures require too much time to "re-strike" after an outage. There are two typical methods of providing emergency illumination. The most common method is to add a quartz incandescent lamp to the HID fixture, with separate circuiting to connect the quartz lamp to the auxiliary source of power. This method is problematic from a design standpoint because the performance of the quartz lamp is not quantified, and generally provide less illumination than the HID lamp; frequently, the installation does not meet the code requirement for egress lighting. A more design-friendly approach is to add a separate system of fluorescent fixtures specifically to provide egress lighting. However, this approach adds to the first cost of the lighting system, without improving the normal performance of the system. If fluorescent lighting is used for general illumination, select fixtures are connected to the auxiliary source of power to provide emergency illumination for egress. Because of the relatively low output and large surface area of fluorescent lamps, many lamps are required to provide an acceptable level of illumination. Furthermore, the difficulty of keeping fluorescent fixtures clean often results in low practical efficiency for the lighting system. The proposed design uses more recent lighting technology which efficiently meets the design requirements. Induction lamps re-strike instantly, obviating the need for a separate source of emergency illumination and the conduit and wire to connect it. The performance of the induction fixtures is quantified so that the design can be shown to meet the requirements of the building code. The output of the induction lamps is comparable to that of HID lamps, so the number of fixtures is comparable. Induction lamps are installed in HID-style fixtures which are easily cleaned. Perhaps the most significant feature of the induction lamps is their extremely long life. Induction lamps are rated at 100,000 hours, compared to 12,000 to 20,000 hours for fluorescent lamps and 10,000 to 15,000 hours for HID lamps. Attached are calculations detailing the reduction in landfill waste resulting from the use of induction lamps. Parking Garage Lamp Disposal Fluorescent Lamps Quantity per Group Relamping (1) - 3000 Volume per Lamp (2) - 48 Relampings - 5 Total Volume (2) - 720,000 HID Lamps Quantity per Group Relamping (1) - 1300 Volume per Lamp (2) - 42 Relampings - 7 Total Volume (2) - 382,200 Quantity per Group Relamping (1) - 1300 Volume per Lamp (2) - 42 Relampings - 1 Total Volume (2) - 54,600 Notes: 1) Quantity is approximate, based on equivalent lumen output. 2) Volume is given in cubic inches. Proper disposal requires lamps remain intact. Questions 1. Assuming our submittals support the claims contained in the draft credit description and narrative, we seek your confirmation that this satisfies the requirements for an ID Credit. 2. As the garage is part of 3 separate LEED-registered projects, all of which contributed financially to its design and construction, we seek confirmation that this credit may be claimed separately be each of the 3 projects.