Retail-NC-v4 EAp2: Minimum Energy Performance

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Marcus Sheffer

7group / Energy Opportunities
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SPECIAL REPORT

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Credit language

Intent

This prerequisite applies to projects registered prior to March 1, 2024. Projects registered after March 1, 2024 are subject to the v4 2024 Update

To reduce the environmental and economic harms of excessive energy use by achieving a minimum level of energy efficiency for the building and its systems.

Requirements

Option 1. Whole-building energy simulation

Demonstrate an improvement of 5% for new construction, 3% for major renovations, or 2% for core and shell projects in the proposed building performance rating compared with the baseline building performance rating. Calculate the baseline building performance according to ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1–2010, Appendix G, with errata (or a USGBC-approved equivalent standard for projects outside the U.S.), using a simulation model.

Projects must meet the minimum percentage savings before taking credit for renewable energy systems.

The proposed design must meet the following criteria:

compliance with the mandatory provisions of ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1–2010, with errata (or a USGBC-approved equivalent standard for projects outside the U.S.);
inclusion of all energy consumption and costs within and associated with the building project; and
comparison against a baseline building that complies with Standard 90.1–2010, Appendix G, with errata (or a USGBC-approved equivalent standard for projects outside the U.S.).

Document the energy modeling input assumptions for unregulated loads. Unregulated loads should be modeled accurately to reflect the actual expected energy consumption of the building.

If unregulated loads are not identical for both the baseline and the proposed building performance rating, and the simulation program cannot accurately model the savings, follow the exceptional calculation method (ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1–2010, G2.5). Alternatively, use the COMNET Modeling Guidelines and Procedures to document measures that reduce unregulated loads.

For Option 1, Whole-Building Energy Simulation, process loads for retail may include refrigeration equipment, cooking and food preparation, clothes washing, and other major support appliances. Many of the industry standard baseline conditions for commercial kitchen equipment and refrigeration are defined in Appendix 3, Tables 1–4. No additional documentation is necessary to substantiate these predefined baseline systems as industry standard.

Option 2. Prescriptive compliance: ASHRAE 50% Advanced Energy Design Guide

Comply with the mandatory and prescriptive provisions of ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1–2010, with errata (or a USGBC-approved equivalent standard for projects outside the U.S.).

Comply with the HVAC and service water heating requirements, including equipment efficiency, economizers, ventilation, and ducts and dampers, in Chapter 4, Design Strategies and Recommendations by Climate Zone, for the appropriate ASHRAE 50% Advanced Energy Design Guide and climate zone:

ASHRAE 50% Advanced Energy Design Guide for Small to Medium Office Buildings, for office buildings smaller than 100,000 square feet (9 290 square meters);
ASHRAE 50% Advanced Energy Design Guide for Medium to Large Box Retail Buildings, for retail buildings with 20,000 to 100,000 square feet (1 860 to 9 290 square meters);
ASHRAE 50% Advanced Energy Design Guide for K–12 School Buildings; or
ASHRAE 50% Advanced Energy Design Guide for Large Hospitals. Over 100,000 square feet (9 290 square meters)

For projects outside the U.S., consult ASHRAE/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1–2010, Appendixes B and D, to determine the appropriate climate zone.

Option 3. Prescriptive compliance: Advanced Buildings^TM Core Performance^TM Guide

Comply with the mandatory and prescriptive provisions of ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2010, with errata (or USGBC approved equivalent standard for projects outside the U.S.).

Comply with Section 1: Design Process Strategies, Section 2: Core Performance Requirements, and the following three strategies from Section 3: Enhanced Performance Strategies, as applicable. Where standards conflict, follow the more stringent of the two. For projects outside the U.S., consult ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2010, Appendixes B and D, to determine the appropriate climate zone.

3.5 Supply Air Temperature Reset (VAV)
3.9 Premium Economizer Performance
3.10 Variable Speed Control

To be eligible for Option 3, the project must be less than 100,000 square feet (9 290 square meters).

Note: Healthcare, Warehouse or Laboratory projects are ineligible for Option 3.

Alternative Compliance Paths (ACPs)

Canada ACP - NECB

Projects in Canada may instead demonstrate a percentage improvement in the proposed building performance rating compared with the baseline according to the National Energy Code for Buildings (NECB) 2011. The same percentage cost improvement in energy performance is required to meet the Prerequisite, and the same points for cost percentage improvement in energy performance are applicable for the Credit.

The following conditions (where applicable) must be met. Note that unless otherwise noted, CanQUEST (the Canadian energy modelling software based on eQUEST that performs NECB 2011 compliance runs) does not implement many of these conditions correctly and would require corresponding modifications to the Reference case.

Comply with mandatory requirements of ASHRAE 90.1-2010

ASHRAE 90.1-2010 mandatory requirements must be met, in addition to the performance path limitations referenced in the NECB 2011 Sections 3.4.1.2, 5.4.1.2 and 6.4.1.2. In cases where ASHRAE and the NECBC reference requirements concerning the same item, the more stringent requirement shall be adhered to.

The following exceptions apply:

ASHRAE 90.1-2010 mandatory items 6.4.3.9, 9.4.1.2b, 9.4.1.4, 9.4.1.5, 9.4.3

Apply fenestration area convention similar to ASHRAE 90.1-2010

Maintain the same FWR (as defined by NECB, including doors) for the Reference as exists in the Proposed Design, up to the prescribed maximum. If the Proposed Design’s FWR exceeds the prescribed FWR, scale down the fenestrations in the Reference case accordingly.

Apply skylight area convention similar to ASHRAE 90.1-2010

Maintain the same SRR for the Reference as exists in the Proposed Design, up to the prescribed 5% maximum. If the Proposed Design’s SRR exceeds 5%, scale down the skylights in the Reference case accordingly.

Model proposed and reference outside air similar to ASHRAE 90.1-2010

Proposed and reference (baseline) outside air rates shall be modeled as per ASHRAE 90.1 – 2010 (G3.1.2.6).

Apply ASHRAE kitchen exhaust demand ventilation requirements

Provide for the same demand ventilation requirements as described in ASHRAE Appendix G3.1.1.d.

Apply ASHRAE’s chiller heat recovery requirements

Provide for the same chiller heat recovery requirements as applies to ASHRAE.

Apply supply air temperature reset controlled based on warmest zone

Reset the minimum supply air temperature to satisfy the cooling requirements of the warmest zone, as stipulated in NECB Section 5.2.8.8. Note that this control setting is already corrected in CanQUEST for the Reference case.

Account for uninsulated structural penetrations if they exceed 2% of net wall area

The 2% allowance may be applied, but based on the net opaque wall area, not the entire building envelope area.

Follow ASHRAE/LEED rules for renovations to existing buildings

Model existing components consistent with ASHRAE and LEED provisions.

Account for all anticipated energy use in building

Fully account for all energy end-uses in the energy performance modelling.

DES Systems are to be modeled according to Option 1, Path 1 or Option 1, Path 2 as indicated in the LEED v4 Reference Guide

The following exceptions apply:

Option 1, Path 1 - Do not apply ASHRAE 90.1-2010 requirements for purchased heating and cooling. Under this ACP, purchased heating and cooling (as applicable) are modeled as cost-neutral in the baseline and proposed case. Local rates for purchased heating (fossil fuel based) and cooling are used to establish the purchased heating and cooling costs. The energy model's scope accounts for only downstream equipment, plus purchased heating and cooling. NECB clause 8.4.3.6 does not apply for LEED projects.
Model baseline systems in accordance with NECB requirements, with DX coils replaced with chilled water coils if purchased cooling is present and fossil-fired furnaces replaced with hot water coils if purchased heating is present.
Option 1, Path 2: Do not apply ASHRAE 90.1-2010 requirements for baseline systems. Model baseline systems in accordance with NECB requirements for onsite generated equipment (i.e. assume building is not connected to a DES and the proposed building is modeled with a virtual plant according to LEED v4 Reference Guide requirements).

Pilot ACPs Available

The following pilot alternative compliance paths are available for this prerequisite. See the pilot credit library for more information.

EApc92: Advanced Buildings™ New Construction Guide EApc95: Alternative Energy Performance Metric

EApc107: Energy Performance Metering Path

EApc111: Alternative Performance Rating Method

EApc120: District Energy

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Cost estimates for this credit

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Our tab contains overall cost guidance, notes on what “soft costs” to expect, and a strategy-by-strategy breakdown of what to consider and what it might cost, in percentage premiums, actual costs, or both.

This information is also available in a full PDF download in The Cost of LEED v4 report.

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Frequently asked questions

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Addenda

7/10/2020 – Updated: 6/26/2024

Form Update

Description of change:

add "Dining Area" space type to the dropdown list under "Table 9.6.1 Space Type" in the lighting tab.

Campus Applicable

Internationally Applicable:

4/21/2023 – Updated: 4/21/2023

Reference Guide Correction

Description of change:

In the Further Explanation > Exceptional Calculation Method subsection titled "Changes from earlier versions of ASHRAE and LEED", make the following edits:

1. In the first sentence below the heading "Changes from earlier versions of ASHRAE and LEED", delete: "garage fan demand-controlled ventilation," from the first sentence

2. Delete the bullet point that begins "Enclosed parking garage ventilation. Modulating fan airflow rates based..." and delete the two sub-bullets that begin "The baseline fan power..." and "The ventilation rate..."

3. Delete the sentence "The same requirements apply to demand-controlled ventilation for outdoor air control sequences that provide ventilation for building occupants."

Campus Applicable

Internationally Applicable:

4/21/2023 – Updated: 4/21/2023

Reference Guide Correction

Description of change:

Revise the legend for the third calculation in the CHP Modeling Guidance to the following:

Under "where…":

Replace "Proposed CHP_ELECbldg" with "BLDGfuel"
Replace "CHP_ELECtotal" with "CHP_ ELECbldg"

Campus Applicable

Internationally Applicable:

4/9/2021 – Updated: 6/10/2021

Form Update

Description of change:

Summary tab: revise rounding on the Summary output tab to round down (i.e. the same as the rounding on the Performance outputs tab).

Campus Applicable

Internationally Applicable:

11/9/2020 – Updated: 12/7/2020

Regional ACP

Description of change:

See the Resource Library for full ACP requirements and documentation.

Campus Applicable

Internationally Applicable:

4/6/2018 – Updated: 11/6/2020

Reference Guide Correction

Description of change:

Add the following to the bottom of the International Tips section:

"Developed by members of the European Roundtable, this table provides further guidance for project teams in Europe wishing to use European standards in lieu of certain ASHRAE 90.1-2010 mandatory provisions in LEED v4. The guidance covers ASHRAE 90.1-2010 Mandatory Provision Sections 5.4, 6.4, 7.4, 8.4, 9.4 and 10. Column 1 of the table references the specific subsection used in ASHRAE 90.1-2010. Column 2 displays the requirement as written in ASHRAE 90.1-2010. Column 3 outlines the compliance pathway available for European projects. Column 4 includes, in some cases, further information about the proposal, differences between the proposal and the ASHRAE requirement, or a reference to further documentation.

Please refer back to the LEED v4 web-based reference guide (Further Explanation > International Tips > Europe) for further information on the regional alternative compliance path.

Additionally, for projects using the Performance Option for compliance with EAp2: Minimum Energy Performance and EAc1: Optimize Energy Performance, the documentation must also use the calculated U-factor for fenestration products including windows and skylights based on either the LBNL Windows 6 program, or a simulation software program that approximates the NFRC rating methodologies. Alternatively, a narrative shall be provided supporting the claim that the fenestration U-factor used in the model is similar to the values that would be achieved using the NFRC rating. The CE-marked fenestration does not account for thermal bridging and seasonal performance in the same way as the NFRC rating, and when accounted for in the energy model, has been observed to lead to savings that exceed those claimed for the same fenestration rated under the NFRC ratings."

Campus Applicable

Internationally Applicable:

4/6/2018 – Updated: 11/6/2020

Regional ACP

Description of change:

Campus Applicable

Internationally Applicable:

7/1/2014 – Updated: 3/29/2018

Regional ACP

Description of change:

Add the following as a USGBC-approved equivalent standard for projects outside the U.S.

"Projects in Canada may instead demonstrate a percentage improvement in the proposed building performance rating compared with the baseline according to the National Energy Code for Buildings (NECB) 2011. The same percentage improvement in energy performance is required to meet the Prerequisite, and the same points for percentage improvement in energy performance are applicable for the Credit.

The following conditions (where applicable) must be met. Note that unless otherwise noted, CanQUEST (the Canadian energy modelling software based on eQUEST that performs NECB 2011 compliance runs) does not implement these conditions correctly and would require corresponding modifications to the Reference case.

1. Comply with mandatory requirements of ASHRAE 90.1-2010
ASHRAE 90.1-2010 mandatory requirements must be met, in addition to the performance path limitations referenced in the NECB 2011 Sections 3.4.1.2, 5.4.1.2 and 6.4.1.2. In cases where ASHRAE and the NECBC reference requirements concerning the same item, the more stringent requirement shall be adhered to.

2. Apply fenestration area convention similar to ASHRAE 90.1-2010
Maintain the same FWR (as defined by NECB, including doors) for the Reference as exists in the Proposed Design, up to the prescribed maximum. If the Proposed Design’s FWR exceeds the prescribed FWR, scale down the fenestrations in the Reference case accordingly.

3. Apply skylight area convention similar to ASHRAE 90.1-2010
Maintain the same SRR for the Reference as exists in the Proposed Design, up to the prescribed 5% maximum. If the Proposed Design’s SRR exceeds 5%, scale down the skylights in the Reference case accordingly.

4. Model proposed and reference outside air similar to ASHRAE 90.1-2010
Proposed and reference (baseline) outside air rates shall be modelled as per ASHRAE 90.1 – 2010 (G3.1.2.6).

5. Apply ASHRAE kitchen exhaust demand ventilation requirements
Provide for the same demand ventilation requirements as described in ASHRAE Appendix G3.1.1.d.

6. Apply ASHRAE’s chiller heat recovery requirements
Provide for the same chiller heat recovery requirements as applies to ASHRAE.

7. Apply supply air temperature reset controlled based on warmest zone
Reset the minimum supply air temperature to satisfy the cooling requirements of the warmest zone, as stipulated in NECB Section 5.2.8.8. Note that this control setting is already corrected in CanQUEST for the Reference case.

8. Account for uninsulated structural penetrations if they exceed 2% of net wall area
The 2% allowance may be applied, but based on the net opaque wall area, not the entire building envelope area.

9. Follow ASHRAE/LEED rules for renovations to existing buildings
Model existing components consistent with ASHRAE and LEED provisions.

10. Account for all anticipated energy use in building
Fully account for all energy end-uses in the energy performance modeling."

Campus Applicable

Internationally Applicable:

Yes

7/25/2017 – Updated: 8/1/2017

Form Update

Description of change:

v2009/v4 Minimum Energy Performance Calculator:
• Fixed formatting issues in the Performance Outputs tab
• Corrected calculation within the Service Water Heating tab.

Campus Applicable

Yes

Internationally Applicable:

Yes

4/14/2017 – Updated: 4/24/2017

Reference Guide Correction

Description of change:

In the Project Type Variations section, under Path 1. ASHRAE 90.1-2010, Appendix G, at the bottom of the section with the title "Energy Rates" in italics, insert the following guidance for projects where no tariffs or rates are available from the district energy system servicing the project:

"Energy Rates for Path 1:
• If tariffs or rates are not available from the district plant servicing the project (e.g. for campus or military plants), calculate the rates based on the virtual electric and fossil fuel rates from the model:
o If a flat rate structure is being used for all energy sources (meaning the cost per unit energy is the same throughout the year, and there are no demand charges), then these flat rates simply become the virtual energy rates for the project.
o Otherwise, if all energy rate structures are not flat, then a preliminary run of the Option 1 Baseline Case energy model must first be completed to identify the virtual electric and fossil fuel rates for the project. For this preliminary run only, the rate for the DES-supplied energy may be left blank, or may be entered as any value.
o Once all the virtual energy rates are known for electricity and fossil fuel, the virtual DES rates for both the Baseline and Proposed Case are then derived as follows:
District Chilled Water Rate:
Units of $/(Btu x 106) = Virtual Electric Rate (in $/kWh) x 71
Units of $/ton-hour = Virtual Electric Rate (in $/kWh) x 0.85
Units of $/kWh = Virtual Electric Rate (in $/kWh) x 0.24
District Hot Water Rate:
Units of $/(Btu x 106) = Virtual Fuel Rate (in $/(Btu x 106)) x 1.59 + Virtual Electric Rate (in $/kWh) x 3
Units of $/kWh = Virtual Fuel Rate (in $/kWh) x 1.59 + Virtual Electric Rate (in $/kWh) x 0.01
Units of $/therm = Virtual Fuel Rate (in $/therm) x 1.59 + Virtual Electric Rate (in $/kWh x 0.3)

District Steam Rate:
Units of $/ (Btu x 106) = Virtual Fuel Rate (in $/(Btu x 106)) x 1.81 + Virtual Electric Rate (in $/kWh) x 3
Units of $/kWh = Virtual Fuel Rate (in $/kWh) x 1.81 + Virtual Electric Rate (in $/kWh) x 0.01
Units of $/therm = Virtual Fuel Rate (in $/therm) x 1.81 + Virtual Electric Rate (in $/kWh x 0.3)

o Exception: to obtain the virtual fuel rate when the connected building does not use fossil fuel but the DES central plant does, use a flat rate consistent with the central plant rates or the historic average local market rates (no preliminary model run is needed). The virtual fuel rates must match in the Baseline and Proposed Case.
o The virtual DES rates are then input into the modeling software for each DES source and used for the remainder of the process. Alternatively, the virtual DES rates may be used to calculate the DES energy costs directly by multiplying the DES energy consumption for each DES source by its virtual DES rate. All virtual DES energy rates must be identical in the Baseline and Proposed Case."

Campus Applicable

Internationally Applicable:

Yes

4/14/2017 – Updated: 4/19/2017

Form Update

Description of change:

• Functionality has been added to allow for eQUEST and TRACE files to be automatically imported into the calculator.
• Bug fixes for the Opaque Assemblies, Shading and Fenestration, and Schedules tabs.
• Bug fixes for the Service Hot Water Flow calculations.
• Bug Fixes for Schedules tab
• v2009 Only – Bug fix to allow macros to make automatic changes for LEED v3 BD+C: Multifamily Midrise
• v2009 Only – ASHRAE 90.1-2010 requirement has been removed from the General HVAC tab confirmation boxes.

Campus Applicable

Yes

Internationally Applicable:

Yes

9/13/2016 – Updated: 11/15/2016

Form Update

Description of change:

(calculator dated 8/23/2016, published 9/13/2016)
• Baseline System Helpful Notes Section has been updated in the Water-Side HVAC tab
• District energy system (DES) Path 3 calculations have been revised
• Optional notes column has been added to each tab for project teams to provide further clarification
• Exceptional calculation formulas have been revised
• Performance upgrade to the General Information tab has been implemented
• Baseline case fan power formulas have been updated
• Lighting table language has been updated (v2009)
• Exterior lighting quality assurance (QA) checks have been updated
• Further guidance has been provided for determining unitary cooling efficiency in the Helpful Notes section of the Air-Side HVAC tab
• Performance Outputs tab formulas have been revised to be more robust for multiple building projects
• Summary tab formulas have been revised to reference total cost savings with and without renewable energy contribution
• Receptacle Equipment Modeling Method tables have been revised to be more robust for multiple building projects

Campus Applicable

Internationally Applicable:

1/15/2016 – Updated: 4/7/2016

Form Update

Campus Applicable

Internationally Applicable:

7/1/2015 – Updated: 10/2/2015

Reference Guide Correction

Description of change:

After the first paragraph, add the following:

For an expanded reference of international locations, ASHRAE 169-2013 Table A-5 (Canada) or Table A-6 (International) may be consulted. ASHRAE 169-2013 subdivides Climate Zone 1 into two climate zones (Climate Zone 1 and Climate Zone 0). Locations listed in ASHRAE 169-2013 in Climate Zone 1 and Climate Zone 0 should be considered Climate Zone 1 under ASHRAE 90.1-2010.

Campus Applicable

Internationally Applicable:

Yes

10/1/2014 – Updated: 2/14/2015

Reference Guide Correction

Description of change:

Revise footnote #1 to:

ANSI/ASHRAE/IES 90.1–2010 Final Determination Quantitative Analysis, p. 29, https://www.energycodes.gov/sites/default/files/documents/BECP_FinalQuan... (accessed July 11, 2014).

Campus Applicable

Internationally Applicable:

Yes

7/2/2018

LEED Interpretation

Inquiry:

Our project is located in California. To pursue Option 1: Whole Building Simulation, is there a methodology for documenting additional energy performance for LEED v4 projects regulated by Title 24-2016?

Ruling:

Project Type¹
Additional Percent Savings

NC-Office
7%

NC-Retail (except restaurant/grocery)
8%

NC-School
7%

NC-Health Care
0%

NC-Restaurant/Grocery
0%

NC-Hospitality
8%

NC-Warehouse
0%

NC-Multifamily
8%

NC-All Other
0%

CS-Office
5%

CS-Retail (except restaurant/grocery)
7%

CS-School
5%

CS-Health Care
0%

CS-Restaurant/Grocery
0%

CS-Hospitality
7%

CS-Warehouse
0%

CS-Multifamily
7%

CS-All Other
0%

CI-Office
6%

CI-Retail (except restaurant/grocery)
7%

CI-School
6%

CI-Health Care
0%

CI-Restaurant/Grocery
0%

CI-Hospitality
7%

CI-Warehouse
0%

CI-Multifamily
7%

CI-All Other
0%

Campus Applicable

Internationally Applicable:

7/1/2015

LEED Interpretation

Inquiry:

For projects located in California, can the 2013 Title 24 Part 6 California Energy Code be used to demonstrate compliance in lieu of ASHRAE 90.1-2010?

Ruling:

Instead of ASHRAE 90.1-2010 Appendix G, projects in California may demonstrate compliance with the 2013 Title 24 Part 6 California Energy Code using the Performance method. The same percentage improvement in energy performance is required to meet the Prerequisite, and the same points for percentage improvement in energy performance are applicable for the Credit.
The following conditions (where applicable) must be met:
• Energy Cost shall be used as the performance metric rather than TDV energy. Exception: A Pilot ACP allowing alternate metrics may be applied as applicable.
• Model all process energy consumption within and associated with the building as designed. Model all enclosed building spaces within and associated with the building even if the space types are not regulated by Title-24.
• BD+C: Major renovations must be modeled using the Title-24 new construction modeling requirements for HVAC, DHW, and lighting (as opposed to existing conditions). However, for LEED-BD&C, the baseline envelope conditions may be modeled using existing conditions prior to renovation.
• ID+C: The energy model must be modeled using the Title-24 new construction requirements for HVAC, DHW, lighting and envelope.

Campus Applicable

Yes

Internationally Applicable:

7/8/2017

LEED Interpretation

Inquiry:

ASHRAE 90.1-2010 mandatory requirement 8.4.2 Automatic Receptacle Control applies to 125 Volt receptacles in private offices, open offices, and computer classrooms. Are there any cases where exceptions to these mandatory requirements will be allowed?

Ruling:

The project team is requesting clarification regarding how to model spaces where mandatory ASHRAE 90.1 receptacle controls are not implemented. Projects using one of the following two compliance paths are exempt from the receptacle control requirements:

1. Path 1: Projects Using Option 1. Whole Building Energy Simulation may model a penalty in the Proposed model for the spaces where mandatory ASHRAE 90.1 receptacle controls are not implemented. The following modeling requirements apply:
• The receptacle power density modeled for these spaces shall be the greater of 0.75 Watts per square foot (8.1 Watts per square meter) or the design coincident peak receptacle power density (if known).
• The receptacle schedule modeled in the Baseline for these spaces shall have a minimum Equivalent Full Load Hours of operation no less than:
o The ASHRAE 90.1-2010 User’s Manual default schedule for office occupancy (2,920 Equivalent Full Load Hours per year)
OR
o 120% of the occupied hours of operation for the facility
OR
o Detailed justification shall be provided supporting an alternate schedule.

• The Proposed model shall include either a 20% increase in the receptacle power density for these spaces OR a 20% increase in the scheduled receptacle Equivalent Full Load Hours of Operation versus the Baseline model.

2. Path 2: Projects must demonstrate that the project has implemented efficiency measures that will achieve an equal or greater reduction in receptacle energy consumption, and will persist for a similar timeframe to those achieved by ASHRAE 90.1-2010 Section 8.4.2. It is recommended that a Credit Interpretation Request be submitted when pursuing this approach. The project must provide documentation regarding the receptacle equipment controls that will be implemented for the project; and must provide justification supporting the claim that the savings over the life of the efficiency measure will be similar to those anticipated for a project compliant with Section 90.1-2010 Section 8.4.2. Note: The baseline and proposed receptacle energy consumption for these spaces must be modeled identically if using this approach; the project is not eligible for any further receptacle savings in these spaces using the Exceptional Calculation Method.

Update 3/1/2024:
This LEED Interpretation is not applicable to projects subject to the LEED v4 2024 update because the allowance is directly incorporated into the v4 2024 update Reference Guide content for EAp Minimum Energy Performance.

Update 4/21/2023:
Note, the additional requirements published on 11/9/2020 for v4.1 projects using Path 1 are incorporated into the v4 Reference Guide content for EAp Minimum Energy Performance.

Update 11/9/2020:
Where ASHRAE 90.1 receptacle controls are not implemented in accordance with Section 8.4.2 mandatory requirements, LEED v4.1 projects may apply either Path 1 or Path 2, subject to the following requirements for Path 1:
• Path 1: LEED v4.1 projects Using the Appendix G Performance Rating Method may model a penalty in the energy model. The following modeling requirements apply:
o The Proposed receptacle power density modeled for these spaces shall be the greater of 0.75 Watts per square foot (8.1 Watts per square meter) or the design coincident peak receptacle power density (if known)
o The receptacle schedule modeled in the Proposed design for these spaces shall have a minimum Equivalent Full Load Hours of operation no less than: the ASHRAE 90.1-2016 User’s Manual default schedule for office occupancy (2,920 Equivalent Full Load Hours per year); or 120% of the occupied hours of operation for the facility; or detailed justification shall be provided supporting an alternate schedule.
o The Baseline model shall include either a 20% decrease in the receptacle power density for these spaces OR a 20% decrease in the scheduled receptacle Equivalent Full Load Hours of Operation versus the Proposed model.

Campus Applicable

Internationally Applicable:

Yes

10/2/2017

LEED Interpretation

Inquiry:

Our project is in the process of determining the exterior lighting power allowance for an ASHRAE 90.1-2010 Appendix G energy model. What qualifies within LEED as a surface that is “designed to be illuminated” per ASHRAE 90.1-2010 Section 9.4.3?

Ruling:

ASHRAE 90.1-2010 Interpretation 33 states: “It was the intent of the Standard that spaces, areas, or applications that claim Lighting Power Density for compliance or performance rating have been designed to some reasonable lighting design criteria that meets industry standards, good design practice, and client desires.” Aligning with this intent, the average illumination of a surface “designed to be illuminated” must meet or exceed published minimum recommended illumination levels for the surface type (such as the IESNA Handbook, Zumtobel – the Lighting Handbook, EN1264-2, local code regulations, etc.).

Campus Applicable

Internationally Applicable:

Yes

10/1/2013

LEED Interpretation

Inquiry:

What is considered “hybrid” heating?

Ruling:

**Update 1.11.2019: LI is applicable to LEED v4 projects.

Clarification is requested regarding when a building heat source in Table G3.1.1A should be identified as "Fossil/Electric Hybrid" versus "Electric".

The ASHRAE 90.1-2007 User's Manual states that a fossil/electric hybrid source "refers to a system with any combination of fossil and electric heat, and the baseline system for this is a fossil fuel system". Therefore, the predominant heating type for the building shall be determined based on the percentage of building area served by Electric-only heating versus “Fossil Fuel” and/or “Fossil/Electric Hybrid” heating. The heating source for any building space would be considered “Fossil Fuel/Electric Hybrid” if the space is heated by any combination of fossil fuel and electricity. This includes backup heating, heating of ventilation air serving the space, or preheating, But does not include emergency backup heat sources. The predominant heating type for the building shall be determined based on the percentage of building area served by Electric-only heating versus “Fossil Fuel” and/or “Fossil/Electric Hybrid” heating. (Note: Emergency back-up heating refers to heating that runs when the primary system fails or needs to be shut off in an emergency, and does not refer to a backup system which may be used to provide additional capacity as needed.)

Exception: ASHRAE 90.1 Section G3.1.1 Exception (a) stipulates additional system type(s) for non-predominant conditions (i.e. residential/non-residential or heating source) if those conditions apply to more than 20,000 square feet of conditioned floor area.

EXAMPLES OF BASELINE HEATING SOURCE DETERMINATION:
The Baseline heat source from Table G3.1.1A for the following Proposed Case system types would be fossil fuel since the proposed system design includes a combination of fossil and electric heat serving the same space for the majority of the building:
1. Variable air volume system with gas furnace preheat and electric reheat
2. Packaged terminal heat pumps with outside air tempered by fossil fuel furnace
3. Water source heat pumps with fossil fuel boiler
4. Ground source heat pumps with backup fossil fuel boiler
5. Residential condominium units with packaged terminal heat pumps, that have any amount of ventilation air provided to the space from air handling unit(s) where the supply air is tempered with fossil fuel.

The following buildings would be modeled with an electric heat source for the Baseline Case since the heating source serving the majority of spaces is electric-only:
1. 90,000 square feet is conditioned by a variable air volume system with electric reheat, and 10,000 square feet is conditioned with fossil fuel furnaces
2. 50,000 square feet is conditioned by electric heat pump systems. 15,000 square feet is conditioned with fossil fuel radiant heaters.

The following buildings would be modeled with an additional system type with a different Baseline heating source in accordance with Section G3.1.1 Exception (a):
1. 90,000 square feet is conditioned by a variable air volume system with electric reheat, and 20,000 square feet is conditioned with Packaged DX systems with fossil fuel furnaces. In this case, the 90,000 square feet of area would be modeled with an electric heat source in the Baseline Case (System Type #6 - Packaged VAV with Electric PFP Boxes), and the 20,000 square feet of area would be modeled with a fossil fuel heat source in the Baseline Case (System Type #3 - Packaged Single Zone AC with fossil fuel furnace).
2. 50,000 square feet is conditioned by water source heat pumps with a fossil fuel boiler, and 25,000 square feet is conditioned by electric heat pumps. In this case, the 50,000 square feet of area would be modeled with a fossil fuel heat source in the Baseline Case (System Type #5 - Packaged VAV with hot water reheat), and the 25,000 square feet of area would be modeled with an electric heat source in the Baseline Case (System Type #4 - Packaged Single Zone Heat Pump).

Campus Applicable

Internationally Applicable:

Yes

1/25/2019

LEED Interpretation

Inquiry:

Project types and programmatic space types quite often dictate the outcome of the energy simulation model. LEED Rating system adaptations allow adjusted point scales for existing building renovations, Core & Shell projects, and healthcare programmatic space types in recognition that a greater proportion of the energy consumption is either outside of the scope of the project, or more difficult to mitigate within the project scope.

Manufacturing projects served by existing chillers/boilers can model the chilled water and hot water as ‘purchased energy’ however, in this scenario, cannot claim savings between the baseline and proposed. This is identical to major renovations / Core & Shell since such energy related decisions are outside the control of the LEED project owner.

Similar to healthcare projects, manufacturing projects also have large non-regulated energy loads. However, unlike healthcare, manufacturing projects contain limitless varieties of ‘widget makers’ and many (if not all) are proprietary. Healthcare buildings have similar non-regulated energy consuming items. Non-regulated energy consuming items throughout the manufacturing projects do not have such similarities.

Can BD+C projects with more than 50% ASHRAE 90.1 unregulated loads use Minimum energy performance percentage improvements, and an Optimize Energy Performance point scale that matches the percentage improvements and point scale required for Core & Shell projects?

Ruling:

Yes, projects using whole building energy simulation, and documenting unregulated energy cost exceeding 50% of the total proposed building energy cost may use the following BD+C: Core & Shell energy performance improvement thresholds in lieu of the New Construction thresholds.

• Minimum Energy Performance: Demonstrate a 2% improvement in the proposed building performance in accordance with ASHRAE 90.1-2010 Appendix G (or a USGBC-approved equivalent standard).

• Optimize Energy Performance: Use the Core and Shell column of Table 1. Points for percentage improvement in lieu of the New Construction or Major Renovation column.

Provide the LEED Minimum Energy Performance Calculator and an accompanying narrative to justify that unregulated energy cost exceeds 50% of the building’s total proposed energy cost. Refer to the BD+C v4 reference guide definitions of unregulated load and regulated load.

Update 3/1/2024:
This LEED Interpretation is not applicable to projects subject to the LEED v4 2024 Update because the allowance is directly incorporated into the v4 2024 update prerequisite and credit requirements.

Campus Applicable

Internationally Applicable:

Yes

7/1/2015

LEED Interpretation

Inquiry:

For projects located in Seattle, can the 2012 Seattle Energy Code be used to demonstrate compliance in lieu of ASHRAE 90.1-2010?

Ruling:

Instead of ASHRAE 90.1-2010 Appendix G, projects in Seattle may demonstrate compliance with with all mandatory provisions of the 2012 Seattle Energy Code AND demonstrate a percentage improvement in the proposed building performance rating compared with the baseline according to the 2012 Seattle Energy Code Total Building Performance (Section C407). The same percentage improvement in energy performance is required to meet the Prerequisite, and the same points for percentage improvement in energy performance are applicable for the Credit.
The following conditions (where applicable) must be met:
• Energy Cost shall be used as the performance metric rather than site energy (versus Section C407.3 which indicates that site energy shall be used). Exception: A Pilot ACP allowing alternate metrics may be applied as applicable.
• Model proposed and reference outside air similar to ASHRAE 90.1-2010.
o Proposed and reference (baseline) outside air rates shall be modeled as per ASHRAE 90.1 – 2010 (G3.1.2.6).
• In addition to the documentation requirements established by the Seattle Energy Code, all required LEED documentation must be provided (and must include the same information as is required for ASHRAE 90.1-2010, with all baseline and proposed inputs shown) including:
o The LEED EAp2: Minimum Energy Performance form
o The LEED EAc1: Optimize Energy Performance form
o The LEED v4 Minimum Energy Performance Calculator (http://www.usgbc.org/resources/minimum-energy-performance-calculator) (or a document with equivalent information) with Baseline inputs updated to refer to Seattle Energy Code.
• Multifamily high-rise and dormitory projects are not eligible for this alternative compliance path.
• BD+C: The equivalence applies for new construction only and does not apply to major renovations.
• ID+C: The energy model must be modeled using the Title-24 new construction requirements for HVAC, DHW, lighting and envelope.

Campus Applicable

Yes

Internationally Applicable:

7/2/2018

LEED Interpretation

Inquiry:

Ruling:

Project Type(NC = New Construction)
(CS = Core & Shell or unfinished space)
(CI = Interior Fitout)

Additional Percent Savings

Title 24 2016 /
Title 24 2019

Title 24 2022 (or later)

Added to ASHRAE 90.1-2010 (v4)
Added to ASHRAE 90.1-2010 (v4)
Added to ASHRAE 90.1-2016 (v4.1)

TDV Energy (replacing cost & GHG metrics)
TDV Energy (replacing cost metric)
SOURCE Energy (replacing GHG metric)
TDV Energy (replacing cost metric)

SOURCE Energy (replacing GHG metric)

Building Design & Construction (BD+C):

NC - Office
7%
18%
20%
4%
6%

NC - Retail (except restaurant/grocery)
8%
25%
29%
10%
14%

NC - Restaurant / Grocery
0%
18%
20%
4%
6%

NC – School
7%
20%
25%
5%
10%

NC – Healthcare
0%
8%
8%
2%
2%

NC – Hospitality
8%
15%
20%
0%
5%

NC – Warehouse
0%
28%
28%
10%
10%

NC – Multifamily (4+ stories)
8%
16%
20%
4%
8%

Multifamily low-rise (<4 stories)1
8%
16%
20%
4%
8%

Single family residential1
8%
16%
20%
4%
8%

Data Center
0%
10%
10%
0%
0%

All Other (< 50% unregulated TDV)
0%
15%
15%
5%
5%

All Other (≥50% unregulated TDV)
0%
8%
8%
0%
0%

CS-Office
5%
12%
16%
1%
4%

CS-Retail (except restaurant/grocery)
7%
20%
25%
5%
10%

CS-Restaurant/grocery
0%
13%
15%
2%
3%

CS-School
7%
15%
20%
2%
8%

CS-Healthcare
0%
8%
8%
2%
2%

CS-Hospitality
7%
11%
15%
0%
4%

CS-Warehouse
0%
21%
21%
6%
6%

CS-Multifamily
7%
9%
13%
1%
4%

CS-All Other
0%
8%
8%
0%
0%

Interior Design & Construction (ID+C):

CI-Office
6%
Use v4.1
Use v4.1
0%
0%

CI-Retail (except restaurant/grocery)
7%
Use v4.1
Use v4.1
6%
6%

CI-Restaurant/grocery
0%
Use v4.1
Use v4.1
0%
0%

CI-School
7%
Use v4.1
Use v4.1
3%
3%

CI-Healthcare
0%
Use v4.1
Use v4.1
0%
0%

CI-Hospitality
7%
Use v4.1
Use v4.1
0%
0%

CI-Warehouse
0%
Use v4.1
Use v4.1
9%
9%

CI-Multifamily
7%
Use v4.1
Use v4.1
0%
0%

CI-All Other
0%
Use v4.1
Use v4.1
0%
0%

Campus Applicable

Internationally Applicable:

1/10/2020

LEED Interpretation

Inquiry:

Our project is located in California and subject to compliance with Title 24 2019. Title 24 2019 has requirements for lighting power density more stringent than those requirements in ASHRAE 90.1-2010, and unfinished spaces in our project will be subject to the Title 24 2019 requirements.

For LEED credit compliance, our team plans to follow ASHRAE 90.1-2010 modeling. How can we document credit for Title 24 2019 compliant lighting in unfinished spaces?

Ruling:

Building Type*
Unfinished Space Lighting Power Density

Automotive Facility
0.70

Convention Center
0.80

Courthouse
0.80

Dining: Bar Lounge/Leisure
0.75

Dining: Cafeteria/Fast Food
0.70

Dining: Family
0.70

Dormitory
0.61

Exercise Center
0.70

Fire Station
0.71

Gymnasium
0.80

Healthcare Clinic
0.87

Hospital
1.05

Hotel
1.00

Library
0.95

Manufacturing Facility
0.90

Motel
0.88

Motion Picture Theater
0.75

Multifamily
0.60

Museum
1.06

Office
0.72

Parking Garage
0.17

Penitentiary
0.97

Performing Arts Theater
1.10

Police Station
0.96

Post Office
0.8

Religious Building
0.85

Retail: Grocery
1.05

Retail
1.00

School/University
0.72

Sports Arena
0.78

Town Hall
0.85

Transportation
0.60

Warehouse
0.55

Workshop
1.10

Campus Applicable

Internationally Applicable:

7/1/2014

LEED Interpretation

Inquiry:

There is significant confusion, and seemingly contradictory LEED Interpretations on the required methodology for addressing “purchased” on-site renewable energy, and/or purchased biofuel that is not considered on-site renewable energy within the LEED energy model. For renewable fuels meeting the requirements of Addendum 100001081 (November 1, 2011) or other purchased renewable fuels, how should purchased on-site renewable energy be treated in the LEED energy model? How should purchased bio-fuels (meaning it I not fossil fuel but is used in a similar manner to bio-fuel) be treated in the energy model?

Ruling:

For any on-site renewable fuel source that is purchased (such as qualifying wood pellets, etc.), or for biofuels not qualifying as on-site renewable fuel sources that are purchased, the actual energy costs associated with the purchased energy must be modeled in EA Prerequisite 2: Minimum Energy Performance and EA Credit 1: Optimize Energy Performance, and the renewable fuel source may not be modeled as "free", since it is a purchased energy source.

For non-traditional fuel sources (such as wood pellets) that are unregulated within ASHRAE 90.1, use the actual cost of the fuel, and provide documentation to substantiate the cost for the non-traditional fuel source. The same rates are to be used for the baseline and proposed buildings, with the following exception: If the fuel source is available at a discounted cost because it would otherwise be sent to the landfill or similarly disposed of, the project team may use local rates for the fuel for the baseline case and actual rates for the proposed case, as long as documentation is provided substantiating the difference in rates, and substantiating that the fuel source would otherwise be disposed of.

When these non-traditional fuel sources are used for heating the building, the proposed case heating source must be the same as the baseline case for systems using the non-traditional fuel source, and the project team must use fossil fuel efficiencies for the Baseline systems, or provide evidence justifying that the baseline efficiencies represent standard practice for a similar, newly constructed project with the same fuel source.

Updated 8/7/17 for rating system applicability.

Campus Applicable

Yes

Internationally Applicable:

Yes

1/4/2016

LEED Interpretation

Inquiry:

Where the local code does not require vestibules or allows alternatives, can the project team take a penalty for not including vestibules in the design model?

Ruling:

Yes, in locations where the local code does not require vestibules or revolving doors the project team may choose one of the two options below. Additionally, all projects using this method must provide a narrative explaining how infiltration and exfiltration of air through building entries is addressed in the design.

1. Manual subtraction of the energy cost savings associated with vestibules as conservatively estimated by PNNL-20026 “Energy Saving Impact of ASHRAE 90.1 Vestibule Requirements: Modeling of Air Infiltration through Door Openings”. Refer to the Related Resource “Default Deduction for Vestibules” for the specific percentage subtraction required based on project type and climate zone.
2. Provide detailed exceptional calculation method calculations with each step of the calculation clearly described and in alignment with the analysis performed in PNNL-20026, but specific to the project building. Document the additional energy consumption of the project building associated with removing the vestibules from the project. No credit will be given for the use of air curtains when using this approach. A sensitivity analysis related to the number of occupants entering on an hourly basis would need to be justified. The narrative would also need to justify that the simulation software is capable of addressing the conditions required for the calculation. (Software with a well-mixed air assumption would not be able to apply this modeling approach).

***Update 11/9/20: This ruling is now applicable to LEED v4.1 BD+C and ID+C projects.

Campus Applicable

Internationally Applicable:

Yes

4/2/2014

LEED Interpretation

Inquiry:

Clarification is requested regarding whether garage demand control ventilation may be modeled for credit. Garage Ventilation is not addressed by ASHRAE 90.1 – 2007, Appendix G, therefore if savings is claimed it must be modeled as an Exceptional Calculation Measure (ECM). Garage demand control ventilation is increasingly becoming standard practice in newly constructed buildings. In order to take credit for this measure as an ECM, it must be demonstrated that the proposed design goes beyond standard practice.

Ruling:

ECMs must be approved by the Rating Authority. As the Rating Authority for LEED projects, the GBCI will accept an ECM for garage demand control ventilation under the following circumstances:
1) Baseline case shall meet the requirements of ASHRAE 90.1-2010, Section 6.4.3.4.5 Enclosed Parking Garage Ventilation. Baseline fan volume shall be based on the minimum required ASHRAE 62.1 parking ventilation rates of 0.75 cfm / square foot. Baseline system fan power shall be calculated at 0.3 watts per CFM.

2) Proposed case shall reflect the actual design. Evidence shall be provided documenting that demand control ventilation strategies are sufficient to automatically detect contaminant levels of concern in parking garages (for example, Carbon Monoxide, Particulates, VOCs, etc. and NO2) and modulate airflow such that contaminant levels are maintained below specified contaminant concentration as identified in ASHRAE 62.1-2010 Addendum d. Evidence shall also be provided that contaminant sensors are placed in space in an appropriate manner for detection of contaminant in question, included in the building commissioning plan upon installation, and then calibrated yearly following installation.

The contaminants of concern that must be monitored may be limited to CO if a narrative is provided justifying how the controls will also help to limit NO2, VOCs and PM2.5 concentrations. The narrative should address how the parking garage minimum exhaust flow rate and/or the minimum fan run time (if applicable) are maintained, and provide clarification that other contaminant levels are expected to remain low based on that design. Note that NO2 would also be expected to be monitored in garages where more than 20% of the vehicles are anticipated to be diesel-fueled.

Note: though it does not need to be addressed specifically in the narrative, the project team must confirm compliance of all ASHRAE 62.1 mandatory measures, including the measure addressing “Buildings with Attached Parking Garages” requiring limitation of vehicular exhaust into adjacent spaces. .

3) If other activities occur in the garage area, the ventilation for these uses shall be in addition to garage vehicle ventilation.

4) Proposed case shall be modeled such that a minimum air flow of 0.05 cfm/square foot is maintained.

5) A narrative shall describe all Baseline and Proposed case assumptions included for this measure, and the calculation methodology used to determine the projected savings. The narrative and energy savings should be reported separately from the other efficiency measures in the LEED Form.

6) No more than a 75% fan energy savings shall be claimed for this measure.

UPDATED on 01/05/18 for rating system version applicability and in Section (2) to clarify that not all contaminants of concern must be continuously monitored.

Campus Applicable

Internationally Applicable:

Yes

7/2/2018

LEED Interpretation

Inquiry:

Our project is subject to ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2013 for code compliance. To pursue Option 1: Whole Building Simulation, is there a methodology for documenting additional energy performance for LEED v4 projects regulated by ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2013?

Ruling:

Yes, projects applying Option 1: Whole Building Simulation, and regulated by ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2013 may document additional energy performance improvement under LEED v4 EA credit Optimize Energy Performance as described below. The Appendix G modeling method must be used for the LEED submission, even if the Energy Cost Budget method is used to document local code compliance.

Projects may calculate the Equivalent ASHRAE 90.1-2010 Performance improvement as:
Equivalent performance Improvement = % better than ASHRAE 90.1-2013 + Additional Percent Savings

Projects subject to the v4 2024 update may apply the additional percent savings to each metric (cost, source energy, greenhouse gas emissions)

Where Additional Percent Savings is shown in Table 1:

Table 1: Additional Percent Savings for ASHRAE 90.1-2013

Project Type¹ Additional Percent Savings
NC-Office 5%
NC-Retail (except restaurant/grocery) 5%
NC-School 6%
NC-Health Care 3%
NC-Restaurant / Grocery 3%
NC-Hospitality 5%
NC-Warehouse 1%
NC-Multifamily 3%
NC-All Other 2%
CS-Office 3%
CS-Retail (except restaurant/grocery) 3%
CS-School 6%
CS-Health Care 1%
CS-Restaurant / Grocery 2%
CS-Hospitality 3%
CS-Warehouse 0%
CS-Multifamily 1%
CS-All Other 1%
CI-Office 3%
CI-Retail (except restaurant/grocery) 4%
CI-School 6%
CI-Health Care 2%
CI-Restaurant / Grocery 3%
CI-Hospitality 4%
CI-Warehouse 0%
CI-Multifamily 1%
CI-All Other 2%

¹ Mixed use buildings shall use the weighted average Additional Percent Savings based on the gross enclosed floor area associated with each building type. Unfinished spaces not submitted in the CS rating system shall use the CS values. Data center space must always be considered “All Other”.

***Updated March 1, 2024 to align with changes in the LEED v4 Energy Update

Campus Applicable

Internationally Applicable:

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Credit language

Intent

This prerequisite applies to projects registered prior to March 1, 2024. Projects registered after March 1, 2024 are subject to the v4 2024 Update

To reduce the environmental and economic harms of excessive energy use by achieving a minimum level of energy efficiency for the building and its systems.

Requirements

Option 1. Whole-building energy simulation

Projects must meet the minimum percentage savings before taking credit for renewable energy systems.

The proposed design must meet the following criteria:

compliance with the mandatory provisions of ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1–2010, with errata (or a USGBC-approved equivalent standard for projects outside the U.S.);
inclusion of all energy consumption and costs within and associated with the building project; and
comparison against a baseline building that complies with Standard 90.1–2010, Appendix G, with errata (or a USGBC-approved equivalent standard for projects outside the U.S.).

Document the energy modeling input assumptions for unregulated loads. Unregulated loads should be modeled accurately to reflect the actual expected energy consumption of the building.

Option 2. Prescriptive compliance: ASHRAE 50% Advanced Energy Design Guide

Comply with the mandatory and prescriptive provisions of ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1–2010, with errata (or a USGBC-approved equivalent standard for projects outside the U.S.).

ASHRAE 50% Advanced Energy Design Guide for Small to Medium Office Buildings, for office buildings smaller than 100,000 square feet (9 290 square meters);
ASHRAE 50% Advanced Energy Design Guide for Medium to Large Box Retail Buildings, for retail buildings with 20,000 to 100,000 square feet (1 860 to 9 290 square meters);
ASHRAE 50% Advanced Energy Design Guide for K–12 School Buildings; or
ASHRAE 50% Advanced Energy Design Guide for Large Hospitals. Over 100,000 square feet (9 290 square meters)

For projects outside the U.S., consult ASHRAE/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1–2010, Appendixes B and D, to determine the appropriate climate zone.

Option 3. Prescriptive compliance: Advanced Buildings^TM Core Performance^TM Guide

Comply with the mandatory and prescriptive provisions of ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2010, with errata (or USGBC approved equivalent standard for projects outside the U.S.).

3.5 Supply Air Temperature Reset (VAV)
3.9 Premium Economizer Performance
3.10 Variable Speed Control

To be eligible for Option 3, the project must be less than 100,000 square feet (9 290 square meters).

Note: Healthcare, Warehouse or Laboratory projects are ineligible for Option 3.

Alternative Compliance Paths (ACPs)

Canada ACP - NECB

Comply with mandatory requirements of ASHRAE 90.1-2010

The following exceptions apply:

ASHRAE 90.1-2010 mandatory items 6.4.3.9, 9.4.1.2b, 9.4.1.4, 9.4.1.5, 9.4.3

Apply fenestration area convention similar to ASHRAE 90.1-2010

Apply skylight area convention similar to ASHRAE 90.1-2010

Model proposed and reference outside air similar to ASHRAE 90.1-2010

Proposed and reference (baseline) outside air rates shall be modeled as per ASHRAE 90.1 – 2010 (G3.1.2.6).

Apply ASHRAE kitchen exhaust demand ventilation requirements

Provide for the same demand ventilation requirements as described in ASHRAE Appendix G3.1.1.d.

Apply ASHRAE’s chiller heat recovery requirements

Provide for the same chiller heat recovery requirements as applies to ASHRAE.

Apply supply air temperature reset controlled based on warmest zone

Account for uninsulated structural penetrations if they exceed 2% of net wall area

The 2% allowance may be applied, but based on the net opaque wall area, not the entire building envelope area.

Follow ASHRAE/LEED rules for renovations to existing buildings

Model existing components consistent with ASHRAE and LEED provisions.

Account for all anticipated energy use in building

Fully account for all energy end-uses in the energy performance modelling.

DES Systems are to be modeled according to Option 1, Path 1 or Option 1, Path 2 as indicated in the LEED v4 Reference Guide

The following exceptions apply:

Option 1, Path 1 - Do not apply ASHRAE 90.1-2010 requirements for purchased heating and cooling. Under this ACP, purchased heating and cooling (as applicable) are modeled as cost-neutral in the baseline and proposed case. Local rates for purchased heating (fossil fuel based) and cooling are used to establish the purchased heating and cooling costs. The energy model's scope accounts for only downstream equipment, plus purchased heating and cooling. NECB clause 8.4.3.6 does not apply for LEED projects.
Model baseline systems in accordance with NECB requirements, with DX coils replaced with chilled water coils if purchased cooling is present and fossil-fired furnaces replaced with hot water coils if purchased heating is present.
Option 1, Path 2: Do not apply ASHRAE 90.1-2010 requirements for baseline systems. Model baseline systems in accordance with NECB requirements for onsite generated equipment (i.e. assume building is not connected to a DES and the proposed building is modeled with a virtual plant according to LEED v4 Reference Guide requirements).

Pilot ACPs Available

The following pilot alternative compliance paths are available for this prerequisite. See the pilot credit library for more information.

EApc92: Advanced Buildings™ New Construction Guide EApc95: Alternative Energy Performance Metric

EApc107: Energy Performance Metering Path

EApc111: Alternative Performance Rating Method

EApc120: District Energy

What does it cost?

Cost estimates for this credit

This information is also available in a full PDF download in The Cost of LEED v4 report.

Learn more about The Cost of LEED v4 »

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Addenda

7/10/2020 – Updated: 6/26/2024

Form Update

Description of change:

add "Dining Area" space type to the dropdown list under "Table 9.6.1 Space Type" in the lighting tab.

Campus Applicable

Internationally Applicable:

4/21/2023 – Updated: 4/21/2023

Reference Guide Correction

Description of change:

Campus Applicable

Internationally Applicable:

4/21/2023 – Updated: 4/21/2023

Reference Guide Correction

Description of change:

Campus Applicable

Internationally Applicable:

4/9/2021 – Updated: 6/10/2021

Form Update

Description of change:

Summary tab: revise rounding on the Summary output tab to round down (i.e. the same as the rounding on the Performance outputs tab).

Campus Applicable

Internationally Applicable:

11/9/2020 – Updated: 12/7/2020

Regional ACP

Description of change:

See the Resource Library for full ACP requirements and documentation.

Campus Applicable

Internationally Applicable:

4/6/2018 – Updated: 11/6/2020

Reference Guide Correction

Description of change:

Campus Applicable

Internationally Applicable:

4/6/2018 – Updated: 11/6/2020

Regional ACP

Description of change:

Campus Applicable

Internationally Applicable:

7/1/2014 – Updated: 3/29/2018

Regional ACP

Description of change:

Campus Applicable

Internationally Applicable:

Yes

7/25/2017 – Updated: 8/1/2017

Form Update

Description of change:

v2009/v4 Minimum Energy Performance Calculator:
• Fixed formatting issues in the Performance Outputs tab
• Corrected calculation within the Service Water Heating tab.

Campus Applicable

Yes

Internationally Applicable:

Yes

4/14/2017 – Updated: 4/24/2017

Reference Guide Correction

Description of change:

Campus Applicable

Internationally Applicable:

Yes

4/14/2017 – Updated: 4/19/2017

Form Update

Description of change:

Campus Applicable

Yes

Internationally Applicable:

Yes

9/13/2016 – Updated: 11/15/2016

Form Update

Description of change:

Campus Applicable

Internationally Applicable:

1/15/2016 – Updated: 4/7/2016

Form Update

Campus Applicable

Internationally Applicable:

7/1/2015 – Updated: 10/2/2015

Reference Guide Correction

Description of change:

Campus Applicable

Internationally Applicable:

Yes

10/1/2014 – Updated: 2/14/2015

Reference Guide Correction

Description of change:

Campus Applicable

Internationally Applicable:

Yes

7/2/2018

LEED Interpretation

Inquiry:

Ruling:

Project Type¹
Additional Percent Savings

NC-Office
7%

NC-Retail (except restaurant/grocery)
8%

NC-School
7%

NC-Health Care
0%

NC-Restaurant/Grocery
0%

NC-Hospitality
8%

NC-Warehouse
0%

NC-Multifamily
8%

NC-All Other
0%

CS-Office
5%

CS-Retail (except restaurant/grocery)
7%

CS-School
5%

CS-Health Care
0%

CS-Restaurant/Grocery
0%

CS-Hospitality
7%

CS-Warehouse
0%

CS-Multifamily
7%

CS-All Other
0%

CI-Office
6%

CI-Retail (except restaurant/grocery)
7%

CI-School
6%

CI-Health Care
0%

CI-Restaurant/Grocery
0%

CI-Hospitality
7%

CI-Warehouse
0%

CI-Multifamily
7%

CI-All Other
0%

Campus Applicable

Internationally Applicable:

7/1/2015

LEED Interpretation

Inquiry:

For projects located in California, can the 2013 Title 24 Part 6 California Energy Code be used to demonstrate compliance in lieu of ASHRAE 90.1-2010?

Ruling:

Campus Applicable

Yes

Internationally Applicable:

7/8/2017

LEED Interpretation

Inquiry:

Ruling:

Update 4/21/2023:
Note, the additional requirements published on 11/9/2020 for v4.1 projects using Path 1 are incorporated into the v4 Reference Guide content for EAp Minimum Energy Performance.

Campus Applicable

Internationally Applicable:

Yes

10/2/2017

LEED Interpretation

Inquiry:

Ruling:

Campus Applicable

Internationally Applicable:

Yes

10/1/2013

LEED Interpretation

Inquiry:

What is considered “hybrid” heating?

Ruling:

**Update 1.11.2019: LI is applicable to LEED v4 projects.

Clarification is requested regarding when a building heat source in Table G3.1.1A should be identified as "Fossil/Electric Hybrid" versus "Electric".

Campus Applicable

Internationally Applicable:

Yes

1/25/2019

LEED Interpretation

Inquiry:

Ruling:

• Minimum Energy Performance: Demonstrate a 2% improvement in the proposed building performance in accordance with ASHRAE 90.1-2010 Appendix G (or a USGBC-approved equivalent standard).

• Optimize Energy Performance: Use the Core and Shell column of Table 1. Points for percentage improvement in lieu of the New Construction or Major Renovation column.

Campus Applicable

Internationally Applicable:

Yes

7/1/2015

LEED Interpretation

Inquiry:

For projects located in Seattle, can the 2012 Seattle Energy Code be used to demonstrate compliance in lieu of ASHRAE 90.1-2010?

Ruling:

Campus Applicable

Yes

Internationally Applicable:

7/2/2018

LEED Interpretation

Inquiry:

Ruling:

Project Type(NC = New Construction)
(CS = Core & Shell or unfinished space)
(CI = Interior Fitout)

Additional Percent Savings

Title 24 2016 /
Title 24 2019

Title 24 2022 (or later)

Added to ASHRAE 90.1-2010 (v4)
Added to ASHRAE 90.1-2010 (v4)
Added to ASHRAE 90.1-2016 (v4.1)

TDV Energy (replacing cost & GHG metrics)
TDV Energy (replacing cost metric)
SOURCE Energy (replacing GHG metric)
TDV Energy (replacing cost metric)

SOURCE Energy (replacing GHG metric)

Building Design & Construction (BD+C):

NC - Office
7%
18%
20%
4%
6%

NC - Retail (except restaurant/grocery)
8%
25%
29%
10%
14%

NC - Restaurant / Grocery
0%
18%
20%
4%
6%

NC – School
7%
20%
25%
5%
10%

NC – Healthcare
0%
8%
8%
2%
2%

NC – Hospitality
8%
15%
20%
0%
5%

NC – Warehouse
0%
28%
28%
10%
10%

NC – Multifamily (4+ stories)
8%
16%
20%
4%
8%

Multifamily low-rise (<4 stories)1
8%
16%
20%
4%
8%

Single family residential1
8%
16%
20%
4%
8%

Data Center
0%
10%
10%
0%
0%

All Other (< 50% unregulated TDV)
0%
15%
15%
5%
5%

All Other (≥50% unregulated TDV)
0%
8%
8%
0%
0%

CS-Office
5%
12%
16%
1%
4%

CS-Retail (except restaurant/grocery)
7%
20%
25%
5%
10%

CS-Restaurant/grocery
0%
13%
15%
2%
3%

CS-School
7%
15%
20%
2%
8%

CS-Healthcare
0%
8%
8%
2%
2%

CS-Hospitality
7%
11%
15%
0%
4%

CS-Warehouse
0%
21%
21%
6%
6%

CS-Multifamily
7%
9%
13%
1%
4%

CS-All Other
0%
8%
8%
0%
0%

Interior Design & Construction (ID+C):

CI-Office
6%
Use v4.1
Use v4.1
0%
0%

CI-Retail (except restaurant/grocery)
7%
Use v4.1
Use v4.1
6%
6%

CI-Restaurant/grocery
0%
Use v4.1
Use v4.1
0%
0%

CI-School
7%
Use v4.1
Use v4.1
3%
3%

CI-Healthcare
0%
Use v4.1
Use v4.1
0%
0%

CI-Hospitality
7%
Use v4.1
Use v4.1
0%
0%

CI-Warehouse
0%
Use v4.1
Use v4.1
9%
9%

CI-Multifamily
7%
Use v4.1
Use v4.1
0%
0%

CI-All Other
0%
Use v4.1
Use v4.1
0%
0%

Campus Applicable

Internationally Applicable:

1/10/2020

LEED Interpretation

Inquiry:

For LEED credit compliance, our team plans to follow ASHRAE 90.1-2010 modeling. How can we document credit for Title 24 2019 compliant lighting in unfinished spaces?

Ruling:

Building Type*
Unfinished Space Lighting Power Density

Automotive Facility
0.70

Convention Center
0.80

Courthouse
0.80

Dining: Bar Lounge/Leisure
0.75

Dining: Cafeteria/Fast Food
0.70

Dining: Family
0.70

Dormitory
0.61

Exercise Center
0.70

Fire Station
0.71

Gymnasium
0.80

Healthcare Clinic
0.87

Hospital
1.05

Hotel
1.00

Library
0.95

Manufacturing Facility
0.90

Motel
0.88

Motion Picture Theater
0.75

Multifamily
0.60

Museum
1.06

Office
0.72

Parking Garage
0.17

Penitentiary
0.97

Performing Arts Theater
1.10

Police Station
0.96

Post Office
0.8

Religious Building
0.85

Retail: Grocery
1.05

Retail
1.00

School/University
0.72

Sports Arena
0.78

Town Hall
0.85

Transportation
0.60

Warehouse
0.55

Workshop
1.10

Campus Applicable

Internationally Applicable:

7/1/2014

LEED Interpretation

Inquiry:

Ruling:

Updated 8/7/17 for rating system applicability.

Campus Applicable

Yes

Internationally Applicable:

Yes

1/4/2016

LEED Interpretation

Inquiry:

Where the local code does not require vestibules or allows alternatives, can the project team take a penalty for not including vestibules in the design model?

Ruling:

***Update 11/9/20: This ruling is now applicable to LEED v4.1 BD+C and ID+C projects.

Campus Applicable

Internationally Applicable:

Yes

4/2/2014

LEED Interpretation

Inquiry:

Ruling:

3) If other activities occur in the garage area, the ventilation for these uses shall be in addition to garage vehicle ventilation.

4) Proposed case shall be modeled such that a minimum air flow of 0.05 cfm/square foot is maintained.

6) No more than a 75% fan energy savings shall be claimed for this measure.

UPDATED on 01/05/18 for rating system version applicability and in Section (2) to clarify that not all contaminants of concern must be continuously monitored.

Campus Applicable

Internationally Applicable:

Yes

7/2/2018

LEED Interpretation

Inquiry:

Ruling:

Projects may calculate the Equivalent ASHRAE 90.1-2010 Performance improvement as:
Equivalent performance Improvement = % better than ASHRAE 90.1-2013 + Additional Percent Savings

Projects subject to the v4 2024 update may apply the additional percent savings to each metric (cost, source energy, greenhouse gas emissions)

Where Additional Percent Savings is shown in Table 1:

Table 1: Additional Percent Savings for ASHRAE 90.1-2013

***Updated March 1, 2024 to align with changes in the LEED v4 Energy Update

Campus Applicable

Internationally Applicable:

LEEDuser expert

Marcus Sheffer

7group / Energy Opportunities
LEED Fellow

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Retail-NC-v4 EAp2: Minimum Energy Performance Required

LEEDuser expert

Marcus Sheffer

Frank advice from LEED experts

Intent

Requirements

Option 1. Whole-building energy simulation

Option 2. Prescriptive compliance: ASHRAE 50% Advanced Energy Design Guide

Option 3. Prescriptive compliance: Advanced BuildingsTM Core PerformanceTM Guide

Alternative Compliance Paths (ACPs)

Canada ACP - NECB

Pilot ACPs Available

Cost estimates for this credit

Do the required savings for this prerequisite (and credit) need to come only from building energy, or also process loads?

Our project doesn't have enough energy savings to earn the prerequisite. Can we get there by incorporating onsite renewables?

Our proposed design has insulation R-values that are below those prescribed by ASHRAE 90.1-2010. Can we still meet the prerequisite?

The motherlode of cheat sheets

LEEDuser expert

Marcus Sheffer

LEEDuser’s viewpoint

Get the inside scoop

Credit language

Intent

Requirements

Option 1. Whole-building energy simulation

Option 2. Prescriptive compliance: ASHRAE 50% Advanced Energy Design Guide

Option 3. Prescriptive compliance: Advanced BuildingsTM Core PerformanceTM Guide

Alternative Compliance Paths (ACPs)

Canada ACP - NECB

Pilot ACPs Available

What does it cost?

Cost estimates for this credit

Documentation toolkit

FAQ

Do the required savings for this prerequisite (and credit) need to come only from building energy, or also process loads?

Our project doesn't have enough energy savings to earn the prerequisite. Can we get there by incorporating onsite renewables?

Our proposed design has insulation R-values that are below those prescribed by ASHRAE 90.1-2010. Can we still meet the prerequisite?

Addenda

LEEDuser expert

Marcus Sheffer

Option 3. Prescriptive compliance: Advanced Buildings^TM Core Performance^TM Guide

Option 3. Prescriptive compliance: Advanced Buildings^TM Core Performance^TM Guide